低温对小麦麸皮拉伸力学特性参数的影响

为了揭示温度对小麦麸皮破碎性能的影响规律,选取?80～30℃作为试验温度,利用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)对小麦麸皮试样进行拉伸破坏试验,研究温度对小麦麸皮杨氏模量、极限应力、极限应变等力学特性参数的影响。结果表明:随着试验温度的下降,小麦麸皮逐渐由弹塑性材料转变为脆性材料,玻璃化转变温度为?80℃。杨氏模量随着温度的下降而显著增大,?80℃时的杨氏模量增大了93.14%。极限应力对温度的变化似乎不太敏感,在整个温度变化范围内的增幅较小,约为14.58%。极限应变随着温度的下降而减小,在整个温度变化范围内,极限应变降低了66.68%。液氮消耗量随着温度的下降而呈线性升高,?80℃时的液氮消耗量是?40℃的1.74倍,是?10℃的2.94倍。同时发现,在?10℃附近杨氏模量、极限应力、极限应变、液氮消耗量均出现了一个局部极小值现象。综合考虑小麦麸皮力学特性与冷媒消耗量之间的关系,低温粉碎小麦麸皮的适宜温度可取?40～0℃。基于试验结果,分别给出了杨氏模量、极限应力、极限应变、液氮消耗量关于温差的函数关系式。研究结果初步揭示了低温脆化对小麦麸皮力学特性参数的影响规律,可为小麦麸皮超微粉碎温度的选择提供参考。     

鲁中南低山丘陵区水土流失原因及治理措施

鲁中南低山丘陵区由于山高坡陡,冲蚀切割强烈,为山东省水土流失最严重的地区。阐述了鲁中南低山丘陵区水土流失的现状及危害,分析了其形成的原因。该区通过建立工程、生物、农业措施紧密结合的防护体系,有效地控制水土流失,改善生态环境,取得了显著的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益。     

Left subclavian artery dissection associated with connective tissue abnormalities resembling Marfan-like syndrome in an English bulldog

The unexpected demise of a 12-year-old male neutered English bulldog solicited a gross examination, which revealed a blood-filled space occurring in the proximal left subclavian artery (LSA). It originated about 1 cm from the branching point of the vessel and progressively dilated for 3 cm distal to this origin. Histopathological investigation showed that the tunica media of the LSA was more than 50% split, with the blood-filled space dissecting through the arterial wall. In the tunica media of the LSA, severe multifocal fragmentation and/or loss of the elastic fibers was observed. The retained disorganized elastic fibers were separated and disoriented due to accumulations of acid mucopolysaccharide. Marked, diffuse medial, and adventitial fibrous tissue deposition was also identified. The cause of death was attributed to acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing pancreatitis with pulmonary edema, suggesting that LSA dissection was an incidental finding. Subclavian artery dissection is extremely rare in humans, where the involvement of the LSA in cases of aortic dissection both with or without Marfan syndrome has been reported. Aortic and pulmonary artery dissection in bovines and aortic aneurysm and dissection in dogs have been reported to be associated with Marfan and Marfan-like syndromes, respectively. Histopathological findings suggestive of underlying connective tissue abnormalities resembling Marfan-like syndrome (i.e., the appearance of the elastic tissue and the degenerative changes of the tunica media) were detected in the first case of LSA dissection in dogs and veterinary medicine, herein described.     

Effect of quinoa flour on gluten-free bread batter rheology and bread quality

A new gluten-free bread formulations composed of quinoa, buckwheat, rice flour and potato starch were developed in the present study. Rheological characteristics of the bread batter with increasing amount of quinoa were determined; storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values were also measured for investigation of viscoelastic properties. To evaluate the quality of breads; technological and physical (bake loss %, specific volume, texture, microstructure, color), chemical (protein, moisture, ash) and sensory properties were determined. All batter formulations independent of the quinoa amount exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and G′ values were found to be higher than G″ values in expressing the solid like characteristics of the batter. Amount of quinoa flour addition did not present significant difference on bake loss%, specific volume and protein content (p>0.05); however, 25% quinoa flour bread displayed better results with its higher sensory scores and softer texture. Quinoa and buckwheat flour mixture therefore will be a good alternative for conventional gluten-free bread formulations.     

Study on Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete

In this paper the high-performance concretes with 56-day compressive strengths of 60 to 100 MPa (with or without silica fume) have been studied experimentally in order to develop information about the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete. Results and discussions are presented regarding compressive strength gain with time,effect of drying. A linear equation of static modulus of elasticity has been derived.The static modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio are calculated by regression with testing data of 20 specimens.     

土壤侵蚀强度分级标准适用性初探

以水利部颁发的土壤分蚀强度分级拟定标准为基础,利用前人的研究成果,比较了不同植被覆盖度下的土壤侵蚀模数。结果表明,土壤侵蚀强度分级拟定标准与前人研究成果间均存在一定差距,说明该拟定标准的适用性值得进一步斟酌。     

防治陡坡桑园严重水土流失的种植模式探讨

 为防治陡坡桑园严重的水土流失,通过4种种植模式对比试验分析查明,实施茶桑间种模式,能够较好地解决陡坡桑园土壤侵蚀严重的问题,其多年平均侵蚀模数由原来的1000t/(km2 ·a)左右,减少到100t/(km2 ·a)左右。建议推广应用这一模式,对严重水土流失的陡坡桑园加以改造,以促进山区坡地开发的永续利用和农业的可持续发展。     

大米籽粒压缩特性的试验研究

为预测大米在干燥、运输及贮藏过程中的破碎现象,必须了解其弹性模量、破坏力、破坏应力及破坏能等力学参数。本文通过大米的压缩试验测得其力——变形曲线,从而得出其弹性模量、破坏力、破坏应力、破坏能等常规力学参数,通过这些参数可以确定用整粒大米的破坏强度值作为籽粒破坏的评价指标,为建立大米籽粒力学模型,质量评价及机械设计等提供依据。     

青藏高原东北部4种灌木主根和侧根抗拉力学特性比较

[目的]开展青藏高原东北部黄土区4种灌木植物主根和侧根抗拉力学强度试验,探讨主根和侧根抗拉力学特性关系,为深入研究植物根系固土护坡力学机理提供参考。[方法]选取西宁盆地长岭沟流域作为研究区,对生长期为3 a的柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)、中宁枸杞(Lycium chinense)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)和霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)4种优势灌木主根和侧根进行室内单根拉伸试验,确定其主根和侧根抗拉力、抗拉强度和杨氏模量及其与根径之间的关系;在此基础上,进一步分析了4种灌木主根和侧根根径、抗拉力、抗拉强度和杨氏模量之间的关系。[结果]柠条锦鸡儿、中宁枸杞、白刺和霸王主根抗拉力分别为侧根的28.45,13.21,11.01,7.35倍,主根抗拉强度分别为侧根的0.67,1.17,0.68,1.22倍,主根杨氏模量分别为侧根的2.00,2.39,2.82,2.48倍。[结论] 4种灌木植物主根抗拉力均显著大于侧根;柠条锦鸡儿和白刺主根抗拉强度小于侧根,而中宁枸杞和霸王主根抗拉强度大于侧根;4种灌木植物主根杨氏模量显著大于侧根,说明其主根相对于侧根不易发生形变,对边坡浅层稳定性贡献亦显著于侧根。     

毛乌素沙地饲草料作物土壤水动态

对节水灌溉条件下的紫花苜蓿、饲料玉米和青贮玉米需水量进行了试验研究，分析了不同灌溉水平下3种饲草料作物的土壤水动态和需水规律。结果表明，土壤水动态主要受降雨、灌溉和地下水埋深的影响。紫花苜蓿需水高峰值出现在6月下旬至8月中下旬，其需水强度最大可达9.0mm/d，阶段需水模系数最大可达41.2%；饲料玉米和青贮玉米需水高峰值出现在7月下旬至8月上旬，其需水强度分别为11.40mm/d和11.3mm/d，阶段需水模系数最大可达45.2%和44.9%,成果为节水灌溉制度的制定和灌溉预报等提供了科学依据。