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81.
Spatial and temporal landscape patterns have long been recognized to influence biological processes, but these processes often
operate at scales that are difficult to study by conventional means. Inferences from genetic markers can overcome some of
these limitations. We used a landscape genetics approach to test hypotheses concerning landscape processes influencing the
demography of Lahontan cutthroat trout in a complex stream network in the Great Basin desert of the western US. Predictions
were tested with population- and individual-based analyses of microsatellite DNA variation, reflecting patterns of dispersal,
population stability, and local effective population sizes. Complementary genetic inferences suggested samples from migratory
corridors housed a mixture of fish from tributaries, as predicted based on assumed migratory life histories in those habitats.
Also as predicted, populations presumed to have greater proportions of migratory fish or from physically connected, large,
or high quality habitats had higher genetic variability and reduced genetic differentiation from other populations. Populations
thought to contain largely non-migratory individuals generally showed the opposite pattern, suggesting behavioral isolation.
Estimated effective sizes were small, and we identified significant and severe genetic bottlenecks in several populations
that were isolated, recently founded, or that inhabit streams that desiccate frequently. Overall, this work suggested that
Lahontan cutthroat trout populations in stream networks are affected by a combination of landscape and metapopulation processes.
Results also demonstrated that genetic patterns can reveal unexpected processes, even within a system that is well studied
from a conventional ecological perspective. 相似文献
82.
83.
百菌清制剂防霉效果的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以杨木、马尾松为试材,百菌清制剂F1及F2防治青霉、黑曲霉霉菌的效果进行了室内试验研究。结果表明百菌清制剂F2防治杨木、马尾松试块的青霉、黑曲霉的效果与五氯酚钠相当,甚至较NaPCP好。 相似文献
84.
选择了5种杀菌剂,将其制成具有缓释性能的颗粒剂,施在辣椒根茎基部防治辣椒疫病。室内接种试验,有4种颗粒剂施药7d后防效100%,21d后防效95%以上。田间试验防效平均在84%以上,连续3年田间应用,防效为80%左右。 相似文献
85.
本研究使用14种杀菌剂对油茶炭疽病进行了室内和田间的防治试验。结果表明,扑菌清、叶斑净和宝宁的效果较好,同时对杀菌剂在田间的施用方法也提出了建议。 相似文献
86.
FoRESTFUELCoMBUSTIoNVALUECombustionvalueisanimportantparameterofmaterialburningcharacteri-stics.Itmeansthattheheatreleasesfromtheunitofmaterialcompleteburningtocooldownthestartingtemperatureofreactionmaterals(l).Undertheconditionofthesamepressureandenoughoxygeninthecombustor,materialscombustionva1ueisrelatedtotheinnerenergyofthematerialstatefromthebeginningtotheendduringreaction.Thecombustionvaluesuchasmeta1,carbon,hydrogencanbemeasuredaccurate1y.Toforestfuels,theirenergycan'tbethesam… 相似文献
87.
88.
Leslie矩阵模型在油松毛虫种群动态分析中的应用研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis)是我国华北地区油松林的重要害虫之一。其分布面积广、发生频繁、危害严重。有人曾对油松毛虫种群的生物学特性、防治以及种群动态的研究作过有关的报道,本文则通过对油松毛虫的数量变动进行跟踪调查,并用Leslie矩阵模型对其种群动态进行了模拟,这对害虫的测报具有重要的实践意义。一、材料与方法 (一)标准地概况 1984—1986年与1988—1989年我们分别在密云县五座楼场和石墙沟村选择了5块油松纯林作为标准地,概况列在表1中: 相似文献
89.
The embedment tests of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) with two moduli of elasticity (MOE; 7.8 GPa and 9.8GPa), parallel strand lumber (PSL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were conducted in accordance with ASTM-D 5764. The load-embedment relation for each of these engineered wood products (EWPs) was established. The directional characteristics of bearing strength (e), initial stiffness (k
e), and effective elastic foundation depth were obtained from the tested results. The effective elastic foundation depth (=E/k
e,E = MOE), based on the theory of a beam on elastic foundation, was obtained from thek
e and MOE. An of 90° (perpendicular to the grain) was calculated by dividingE
90 [MOE of 90° from the compression test, but MOE of 0° (E
0), parallel to the grain, obtained from the bending test] byk
e90, the initial stiffness of 90°. This study aimed to obtain the bearing characteristics of each EWP, taking into consideration their anisotropic structures, for estimating the fastening strength of a dowel-type fastener. The relations between the bearing coefficients (
e,k
e,) on the loading direction and dowel diameter were established from the load-embedment curves. Based on the results of the embedment test, tested EWPs showed different tendencies in all directions from wood and glued laminated timber.Part of this study was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999 相似文献
90.
We studied four formulae used to predict the accuracy of genomic selection prior to genotyping. The objectives of our study were to investigate the impact of the parameters of each formula on the values of accuracy calculated using these formulae, and to check whether the accuracies reported in the literature are in agreement with the formulae. First, we computed the marginal distribution of accuracy (by integration) for each parameter of all four formulae: heritability h2, reference population size T, number of markers M and number of effective segments in the genome Me. Then, we collected 145 accuracies and corresponding parameters reported in 13 publications on genomic selection (mainly in dairy cattle), and performed analysis of variance to test the differences between observed and predicted accuracy with effects of formulae and parameters. The variation of accuracy for different values of each parameter indicated that two parameters, T and Me, had a significant impact and that considerable differences existed between the formulae (mean accuracies differed by up to 0.20 point). The results of our meta‐analysis showed a big formula effect on the accuracies predicted using each formula, and also a significant effect of the value obtained for Me calculated from Ne (effective population size). Each formula can therefore be demonstrated to be optimal depending on the assumption used for Me. In conclusion, no rules can be applied to predict the reliability of genomic selection using these formulae. 相似文献