植物病理学方向研究生教学改革与探索

课程设置、教学内容、授课方式、教学实践、教学与科研相结合是影响植物病理学研究方向学生的重要因素,经过系统改革与实践,初步建立了较为完善的植物病理学科教学实践体系。实践证明,该体系及时反映了该学科的主要科技成果,具备了该学科体系的系统性、完整性,同时突出了应用学科的理论性和实践性,较好地解决了教学与实践及科研脱节的问题。     

两栖爬行动物实践教学的改革与探索

通过修订教学计划和内容、改变传统的实践教学模式和方法、加强标本在实践教学中的应用、实践教学与科研相结合和改革实践教学考核方法等措施,促进了学生学习的积极性和主动性,提高了两栖爬行动物实践教学效果和学生的综合能力。     

产教融合过程学习模式优化实验研究——基于人力资本模型视角

针对产教融合中实践过程缺乏管理和低效重复劳动导致的人力资本积累低下问题,以测绘类专业3个平行班为实验对象,分别进行学校教学、企业生产实践、产教融合学习模式对照实验,构建了产教融合人力资本积累模型,提出"双循环"学习方案,以进一步发挥学校教学与企业生产实践两种学习模式的优势,优化产教融合过程,提升人力资本积累效率。研究发现:学校教学、生产实践人力资本积累分别为线性和Logistic增长;产教融合学习模式融合了学校教学与企业生产实践学习模式优点,降低了企业生产实践带来的高成本,避免了低难度任务带来的"简单重复劳动"问题,有利于学生创新能力培养和可持续发展。据此,提出了产教融合学习模式的"双循环"实施方案。     

“农业法律与政策”作为农林院校通识课的必要性及实施方案

加强大学生的通识教育已成为我国高等教育界的共识,但目前我国农林院校在通识课的设置上存在着一定的盲目性,严重制约了通识教育功能和作用的充分发挥。农林院校的通识课程应当兼顾"通"和"专",以充分体现农林院校的办学特点,并符合农业专业人才的培养方向和要求。目前在农林院校开设"农业法律和政策"这一通识课程不仅是依法治国方针和乡村振兴战略的必然要求,可以优化我国高校农业复合型法律人才的培养机制,而且也具有较强的可行性。"农业法律和政策"通识课在农林院校的开设,应在课程方案上进行合理的安排,对课程性质、教学任务和要求、所占学分、教学具体内容和环节以及教学方法等加以精心设计,从而有效实现通识教育的基本目标。     

德国科技人才战略对中国高校教育的几点启示

中国高校普遍存在科技成果转化率低、市场化程度低、企业参与度低等问题。德国的科技创新与人才战略特色鲜明,科技创新的主体是企业,双元制职业教育和应用型大学培养了大量创新人才,在创新园区与高校紧密合作、市场化的技术转移与产学研合作等方面都有许多值得我们借鉴的经验。这给了中国高校教育工作一些启示:让高校和企业合作成为共同创新的主体,让"教授"与"经理"自由双向互动,让高校与科技园区深度融合,并构建研究与实践之间的桥梁,让更多的应用型大学承担大学生本科教育。     

《花木栽培技术》的教学改革策略探寻

《花木栽培技术》是一门具有很强理论性和实践性的基础课程。现阶段《花木栽培技 术》课程教学中存在许多问题,在“宽专业、厚基础、重应用”的教育改革方向下,如何对《花木栽 培技术》教学进行科学、合理、有效的改革,提高《花木栽培技术》的教学质量和教学水平,值得一 线教育工作者进行深刻思考。本文以《花木栽培技术》教学中的问题为切入点,进一步探讨《花 木栽培技术》的教学改革策略。     

大众化时期我国高等教育人才培养面临的问题及对策

我国高等教育领域目前存在学制"缩水"、学分"泡沫"、培养"速成"、管理"粗放"等不良趋势,致使毕业要求越来越低,培养质量隐患越来越严重,对我国高等教育大众化的健康发展十分不利。应采取多元化分类培养与指导,充分利用网络平台与网络课程,开展审核评估与专业认证等措施,改进高校现行管理方式和运作模式。     

Record keeping,genetic selection,educational experience and farm management effects on average milk yield per cow,milk fat percentage,bacterial score and bulk tank somatic cell count of dairy farms in the Central region of Thailand

A study was conducted to estimate the record keeping, genetic selection, educational, and farm management effects on average milk yield per cow (AYC), milk fat percentage, bacterial score, and bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) of dairy farms in the central region of Thailand. Farms were located in the provinces of Saraburi and Nakhon Ratchisima and were members of the Muaklek dairy cooperative. Records from individual animals were unavailable. Thus, farm records of milk yield, milk fat percentage, bacterial score, and BTCCC were collected from July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2006. Additional record keeping, genetic selection, education, and farm management information was collected through a questionnaire in May of 2006. Data from the Muaklek dairy cooperative and the questionnaire were then merged by a farm identification number. A single trait mixed model was used to analyze AYC, milk fat percentage, and BTSCC, while a log linear model was used to analyze bacterial score. Results showed that farms that kept records on individual animals had higher (P < 0.05) milk fat percentages and lower bacterial scores than farms that did not. Farms that used genetic information (EBV) and phenotypes when selecting sires were higher (P < 0.05) for milk fat percentage than farms that used only phenotypes and personal opinion. Farms milking cows with a single unit milking machine and by hand, had higher (P < 0.05) bacterial scores and BTSCC than farms using only a single or multi unit machine. Overall farms that kept individual animal records, used EBV when selecting sires, used a single method for collecting milk, and used family labor achieved higher performance from their herds than farms that did not.     

植物科学的教学科研实践与展望

本文以10年来植物科学系在农业高等教育体制改革中,在学科建设、专业调整、教学改革、科学研究和科教兴农等方面取得的成绩和迎接21世纪的展望献给上海农学院建校四十年复校二十周年。     

A simplified method for estimating soil compaction

We describe a simplified model that allows users to explore some of the main aspects of soil compaction. It is intended for use by non-experts, such as students, and is written as an easy-to-use spreadsheet. It estimates soil bulk density under the centre-line of a wheel track from readily available tyre details. The model uses an analytical method to estimate the propagation of stress in the soil. It contains compactibility data for contrasting soils and it accounts for both rebound and recompression realistically. We present examples that show the potential of the model in selecting tyres and wheel systems to minimise compaction.