拖拉机作业机组智能化技术的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了国内外拖拉机作业机组智能化技术的应用水平和研究现状，分析了目前国内该研究领域存在的问题，提出了加快我国拖拉机作业机组智能化研究和应用进程的建议，预测了拖拉机作业机组智能化技术的发展趋势。     

不同杂交组合黔东花猪屠宰性能及肉质性状测定

[目的]测定不同杂交组合黔东花猪的胴体性能和肉质性状,筛选优良黔东花猪杂交组合.[方法]对约克夏(Y)×皮特兰(P)×太湖猪(T)×黔东花猪(H)组合(YPTH)、巴克夏(B)×太湖猪(T)和黔东花猪(H)组合(BTH)、巴克夏(B)×皮特兰(P)×太湖猪(T)×黔东花猪(H)组合(BPTH)及巴克夏(B)×杜洛克(D)×太湖猪(T)×黔东花猪(H)组合(BDTH)等4种杂交猪分别进行屠宰,测定分析其胴体性能和肉质性状.[结果]YPrH、BTH、BDTH和BPTH杂交猪屠宰率分别为76.72%、76.67%、76.94%和81.24%;瘦肉率分别为55.58%、42.00%、46.29%和50.92%;平均背膘厚分别为3.31、4.00、3.37和3.45 cm;眼肌面积分别为60.68、46.67、46.80和53.56 cm2;大理石纹分别为3.67、3.50、3.50和3.50;系水力分别为89.33%、83.00%、76.70%和69.09%;剪切力分别为0.49、0.51、1.12和0.62 kg.脂肪酸含量分析结果表明,4种杂交猪肉的嫩度、多汁性及风味等食用性状均较佳.其中,YPTH杂交猪具有较高的瘦肉率和较大的眼肌面积,系水力较高,剪切力较小,肌肉谷氨酸含量高达107.72 mg/g.[结论]以黔东花猪(H)为母本组配的YPTH杂交猪胴体品质和肉质性状优于BTH、BDTH和BPTH杂交猪,可作为建立含有黔东花猪血缘的商品杂交猪配套系开发利用.     

不同有机物料组合对土壤养分和生化性状的影响

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of single type of organic matter and their combinations with various proportions of different organic materials on soil properties. The results would also provide a scientific basis and practical guidance to optimal utilization of agricultural organic wastes and achieve the aim of optimal configuration and agricultural sustainability regarding to soil quality. 【Method】 In this study, three organic materials were used, including rice straw, peanut straw and pig manure. Based on the mass ratio, the single type of organic matter only, the combination of both (rice straw and peanut straw mixing at the ratio of 7﹕3 and 3﹕7, respectively) and three ones (1﹕1). All single and mixture treatments were amended with 1% organic matters of the soil mass and cultivated for 90 days. Thereafter, soil nutrient and biochemical properties were measured. 【Result】 The results showed that different organic materials had a significant impact on soil nutrients and biochemical characteristics. Overall, mixtures of different organic materials were more effective than only single one for improving soil properties measured. The mixture treatments on soil nutrient availability showed additional effects, i.e. the nutrient release derived from mixtures were more than weighted average values of two and three materials. The additional effects of the mixtures on the activities of urease and invertase were not significant, for example, the increased effects of SZ, SHZ and 3S7H mixtures on invertase were 1.46%, 0.18% and 5.97%, respectively. Carbon mineralization rate of the mixture treatments had significant negative additional effects with the treatments of SH, SZ and 3S7H showed 9.91%, 23.54% and 22.95% lower than the weighted average values, respectively. And the corresponding decreased effects for the CO2-C production rate were 24.56%, 16.47% and 18.18%, respectively. BIOLOG analysis showed that AWCD value and carbon utilization potential of the treatments S and 7S3H were the highest among all treatments. The metabolic quotients (qCO2) in the S and 7S3H treatments were higher than those of other treatments. The materials combination of nutrient release and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen had stronger positive addition. The materials combination of mineralization of organic carbon and qCO2 had stronger negative addition. 【Conclusion】 Results showed that mixing organic materials could improve soil nutrient contents enhance as well as soil biochemical activity. Compared to only one type of organic matter, materials mixture could provide more resources and favorable habitat for soil biological development, leading to acceleration of decomposition and nutrient release and finally improvement of soil fertility.     

白玉彩椒子叶离体诱导不定芽的研究

以子叶为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的激素配比进行白玉彩椒子叶离体诱导不定芽试验。结果表明:将白玉彩椒播种繁殖萌发的子叶切成5 mm见方,转入到MS+NAA 0.6 mg/L培养基上,诱导愈伤组织的效果最好,然后将形成的愈伤组织切块转入到不定芽诱导培养基MS+6BA 0.4 mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L或MS+KT1.0 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L配方中,诱导不定芽的效果较好。     

玉米抗螟性的鉴定及其遗传规律

本研究采用田间人工接卵的方法对20个自交系和44个杂交组合做了对一、二代玉米螟抗、感程度的鉴定,结果表明,不同的自交系间和杂交种间,按9级食叶级别评定,植株对一代玉米螟的抗、感程度有显著的差异。本文利用综合指数法把每株虫孔数、每株幼虫数、茎秆虫折率和果穗受害率等受害状归纳起来,反映不同自交系间和杂交种间对二代玉米螟抗、感程度的差异、通过对试验数据的分析发现,植株对一代玉米螟的抗、感程度,FI代与相对抗螟亲本、相对感螟亲本、父本、母本及中亲值均呈极显著的正相关,相比较而言,F_1代对一代玉米螟的抗性受父本的影响更大些。而F_1代对二代玉米螟的抗性受母本的影响更大些。     

黑龙江省谷子区域性农业生产数学模型的建立及应用

根据在黑龙江省３１个县、市进行的多年谷子农业生态联合试验，并运用双重组合试验设计原理进行模型挂接，建立了黑龙江省谷子区域性农业生产数学模型。初步揭示了积温降水，土壤肥力及农家肥、化肥对谷子产量的影响程度及相互间的变化规律，并应用模型对谷子产量形成过程进行了模拟和预测。     

低酚棉浙棉9号高产综合农艺措施的产量函数模型

采用五因素二次回归通用旋转组合设汁方法,研究建立了低酚棉浙棉9号高产综合农艺措施的产量函数模型。经模拟寻优获得了达到1500kg/hm~2皮棉的五项农艺措施优化组合,两年结果平均值是:每公顷密度为46770～47580株,氮肥(纯N)209.7～243.0kg,磷肥(P_2O_5)64.5～68.7kg,钾肥(K_2O)210.9～221.7kg,打顶时期为7月29～8月2日。在金华、兰溪棉区的土壤、气候生态条件下,农艺措施对产量影响的程度依次是:氮肥>钾肥>打顶时期>密度>磷肥。还研究了各项农艺措施对产量的单独效应和交互作用效应趋势。同时进行了小面积的验证示范试验、信息反溃、达到了预期的目标产量。     

优质高产杂交糯稻新组合嘉糯1优3号的选育与应用

嘉糯1优3号是福建农林大学作物科学学院用糯稻不育系嘉农wxA1与恢复系嘉糯恢3号配组育成的杂交糯稻新组合,2009年3月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。具有生育期合适,高产稳产,米质优,适应性广,制种产量高等特点。本文重点介绍该组合的选育经过、产量表现、特征特性、高产栽培及高产制种技术要点,供栽培及育种同行参考。     

栅条式马铃薯挖掘铲的设计与试验研究

针对现有马铃薯挖掘机作业阻力大、挖掘铲土薯分离能力差等问题,设计了栅条式马铃薯挖掘铲,通过三因素二次正交旋转回归试验,分析了铲面倾角、挖掘铲长度、栅条间距对挖掘阻力的影响,得出挖掘阻力与影响因素的回归模型.结果表明:挖掘阻力最小时的最佳参数是挖掘铲长度为48.13cm,栅条间距为5.37cm,铲面倾角为30.3°;影响挖掘阻力的因子由主到次为:铲面倾角、挖掘铲长度、栅条间距.     

特用糯玉米新品种组合的选育与栽培技术研究

[目的]介绍特用糯玉米(Zea mays L.)新品种组合的选育方法及高产栽培技术。[方法]从全国各地引入144个特用糯玉米品种资源,在北京农业职业学院实训园进行种植。在生育期间进行物候期观察及地区适应性鉴定,淘汰地区适应性差的品种,选择适应北京地区的品种。[结果]根据北京地区目前糯玉米育种目标,提出了糯玉米选育的要求,生育期为85～90 d,适口性好,鲜穗产量为1.35万kg/hm2以上,抗病虫糯玉米品种。经多年选育出N26-11×N24-10组合。同时对糯玉米种植密度、施肥、除草剂等关键栽培技术进行研究。[结论]该研究可为特用糯玉米育种与生产提供参考。