杨树伐根嫁接不同保留株数生长对比研究

伐根嫁接在残次林改造中发挥了重要作用。笔者通过对16年生小美旱杨伐桩嫁接中林46杨的生长状况进行研究,结果发现,每个伐桩保留1株~3株苗木的胸径、单株材积和蓄积有显著差异,胸径和单株材积保留1株的最大,蓄积保留2株的最大。经方差分析,各研究性状的重复力在0.8以上,说明各性状差异受较强遗传控制。综合分析,小美旱杨伐桩嫁接中林46杨保留2株,其综合性状表现最好。     

Effects of leaf area and auxin on rooting and growth of rooted stem cuttings of neem

Green stem cuttings, obtained from 2-year old managed stockplants, with 30, 50 or 100% leaf area were rooted in a non-mist propagator following treatment with 0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8% IBA solution. The rooted cuttings were transferred to polythene pots and grown in a nursery for 12 weeks. Rooting percentages of IBA treated cuttings did not significantly differ from those of control cuttings. Likewise leaf area did not significantly influence the percentage of cuttings that rooted. The effects of leaf area and/or IBA treatment in the propagation unit were manifested on the growth of rooted cuttings in polythene pots. Number of roots increased with the increase in IBA concentration and this response was enhanced by increasing leaf area. Root biomass increased with the increase in leaf area even in the control cuttings. Root development was highly influenced by the leaf area and IBA, and hence the growth of rooted cuttings. Cuttings treated with 0.2 or 0.4% IBA at 100% leaf area yielded the best performing rooted cuttings.     

Plantation future of bamboo in China

In the past, utilization of bamboo resources in China has been traditionally dominated by direct consumption of local farmers as minor forest products with weak linkage with market. In recent years, the over-supply of grains and rapid degradation of agricultural environment call for alternative crops that can be developed through integrating the environmental plantation with the market demands. Closely associated with forestry and agriculture, bamboo is able to deal with the new challenges which China‘s agriculture is facing. Of 534 documented bamboo species in China, 153 species produce edibleshoots and of which 56 species are recommended for agricultural plantation; 139 species provide timbers and of which 58 species recommended; 116 species can be splited as good strips for weaving and of which 22 species recommended; 88 species are considered as garden bamboos and of which 34 species recommended; 45 species are able to produce paper pulp and of which 18 species recommended.     

漫话林区野生食用菌开发利用

罗列出黑龙江省林区野生食用菌63属156种,在对黑龙江省林区野生食用菌生态习性及其用途有一定研究和了解的基础上,提出3点建议。     

1-没食子酸甘油酯的研制及其抗氧化性能的研究

在实验室条件下,以没食子酸和甘油为原料合成了1-没食子酸甘油酯(GG),做为油脂或油脂食品的抗氧化剂,保护油脂不因氧化腐败,延长贮存时间。合成途径是在日本高砂光正等人工作基础上进行了若干改进,使得率由45.7％提高到72.9％。以菜子油和豆油做底物,丙酯(PG)和2,6-二特丁基对甲酚(BHT)做对比抗氧化剂,用增重法评价其抗氧化性能,柠檬酸和酒石酸做增效剂,评价其增效作用,研究了浓度和分散度对诱导期的影响,探讨了结构因素对性能的影响。实验室结果表明:在本实验条件下,活性次序是GG>PG>BHT,随着浓度的增加,活性增大顺序是GG>PG>BHT。酒石酸对GG有增效作用,柠檬酸无效。溶解度对诱导期没有影响,说明了性能差异产生的原因。通过研究为简化合成途径,进行工业化生产提供了依据,并在此基础上为合成新型抗氧化剂找到一种可行方法。     

黑杨派杨树组培再生系统的研究

建立高效杨树组培再生系统，为杨树良种选育、遗传转化等研究，提供材料和基础手段。采用1／2MS基本培养基，通过不同外植体获得无菌苗，经培养基配方筛选，获得继代和生根苗，再选取组培苗的不同部位为材料，分别诱导形成再生植株，优化成高效的黑杨派杨树组培再生系统。     

乡土植物在城市绿化中的应用

介绍乡土植物在城市绿地系统中应用的重要性,分析了乡土植物在城市绿地中的生态、景观、经济等方面的作用,认为人类生存必须依附于自然,城市的建设要尽最大可能减少对自然的破坏,增加乡土植物应用的比例,建立健康的生态系统。同时根据植物景观的需要,介绍了部分在城市绿地有应用前景的野生植物类型。     

彩叶植物的观赏价值及应用前景探讨

文章在阐述彩叶植物具有极高观赏价值的基础上，概括了彩叶植物在园林中的应用形式，并指出彩叶植物具有广阔的市场发展前景。     

湖南湘潭矿业废弃地土壤特性研究

对湖南湘潭锰矿废弃地的土壤基质特殊性和少量自然定居植物营养元素和重金属元素含量进行研究.结果表明:尾矿废弃地土壤以砂粉土为主,通气透水性能差,渗透系数小,易造成地面积水;矿渣废弃地渗透系数大,蓄水量少而蒸发失水强,抗旱力弱.2类废弃地土壤营养元素含量低,重金属元素锰、铜的含量高,毒害大.在自然定居的少量植物中,商陆和荩草为超积累植物.采用植物生物原位修复法改善极端生境条件,既经济又高效.     

湖南珍稀濒危植物迁地仿生护存的初步研究

由于人为破坏和环境条件的恶化，许多植物资源处于濒危灭绝状况，一种植物的灭绝，又将导致10～30个生物种的消失．为了保护珍稀濒危植物，保护生态环境，根据迁地护存植物的生物学特性、生态学特性及其原产地的生态环境条件，应用植物引种原理，从1986年开始，在湖南省森林植物园，对湖南和邻近省的一些珍稀濒危植物进行了迁地仿生护存的初步研究．共迁地护存珍稀濒危植物124种，现保存118种，保存率95．16％．其中，湖南省分布的国家级珍稀濒危植物57种，邻近省的27种，省级保护植物34种．这些植物中，年均高生长60cm以上的有25种，30～60cm的有42种，小于30cm的有51种．