岭西电网经济分析

本文对岭西电网的经济运行调整进行了分析、总结。并应用《岭西电网经济运行计算》系统的计算结果，提出了岭西电网的经济运行调整办法。     

茭白关键栽培技术

阐述了茭白的关键栽培技术,在地势低洼、不宜种粮的田块种植茭白,配合合理施肥、及时防治病虫害,可获得较高的经济效益。     

Adoption of leaf color chart for nitrogen use efficiency in rice: Impact assessment of a farmer-participatory experiment in West Bengal,India

Unbalanced and excessive use of N-fertilizers causes environmental pollution, lodging of plants and increased pest pressure, in addition to increased cost to farmers from excessively applied fertilizers and pesticides. N application at the right time and in right amount is critical for healthy plant and environment. Rice leaf color intensity is directly related to leaf chlorophyll content and leaf nitrogen status. The concept for the use of leaf color as an indicator to apply N in rice was crystallized during 1990s. The International Rice Research Institute and the Philippine Rice Research Institute developed a leaf color chart (LCC) that helps guide farmers for real-time nitrogen management in rice farming. The technology is inexpensive, and easily affordable by most resource poor rice farmers. In 2003 we initiated a farmer-participatory research to validate real-time N management in rice by the use of LCC in West Bengal state of India. After 3 years of validation research, a survey was conducted to assess the adoption and impact of LCC. The survey was conducted in both intervention and adjacent control villages and data were collected from 20% farm households selected randomly. In this paper, we report findings of the study on the determinants of adoption of LCC, and its effect on fertilizer and pesticides use.     

内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能价值评估研究

本文参照Constanza等的思路与方法,以内蒙古典型草原生态系统有机物生产为基础,分别采用市场价值法、替代市场法等估算其主要服务功能的经济价值。结果表明:内蒙古典型草原生态系统服务功能的总经济价值3325.9×10⁸元/a,其中,气体调节价值272.3×10⁸元/a,占8.19%;水土保持价值2988.0×10⁸元/a,占89.84%;涵养水源价值为18.2×10⁸元/a,占0.55%;有机物质生产价值27.52×10⁸元/a,占0.83%;生物多样性保护价值16.1×10⁸元/a,占0.48%;生态旅游价值3.8×10⁸元/a,占0.11%;在各种服务功能中,水土保持价值最为重要;因此,加强草原生态环境建设对于维持区域生态安全具有重要意义。     

A multi-analysis approach for space–time and economic evaluation of risks related with livestock diseases: The example of FMD in Peru

This study presents a multi-disciplinary decision-support tool, which integrates geo-statistics, social network analysis (SNA), spatial-stochastic spread model, economic analysis and mapping/visualization capabilities for the evaluation of the sanitary and socio-economic impact of livestock diseases under diverse epidemiologic scenarios. We illustrate the applicability of this tool using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Peru as an example. The approach consisted on a flexible, multistep process that may be easily adapted based on data availability. The first module (mI) uses a geo-statistical approach for the estimation (if needed) of the distribution and abundance of susceptible population (in the example here, cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and camelids) at farm-level in the region or country of interest (Peru). The second module (mII) applies SNA for evaluating the farm-to-farm contact patterns and for exploring the structure and frequency of between-farm animal movements as a proxy for potential disease introduction or spread. The third module (mIII) integrates mI–II outputs into a spatial-stochastic model that simulates within- and between-farm FMD-transmission. The economic module (mIV) connects outputs from mI–III to provide an estimate of associated direct and indirect costs. A visualization module (mV) is also implemented to graph and map the outputs of module I–IV. After 1000 simulated epidemics, the mean (95% probability interval) number of outbreaks, infected animals, epidemic duration, and direct costs were 37 (1, 1164), 2152 (1, 13, 250), 63 days (0, 442), and US$ 1.2 million (1072, 9.5 million), respectively. Spread of disease was primarily local (<4.5 km), but geolocation and type of index farm strongly influenced the extent and spatial patterns of an epidemic. The approach is intended to support decisions in the last phase of the FMD eradication program in Peru, in particular to inform and support the implementation of risk-based surveillance and livestock insurance systems that may help to prevent and control potential FMD virus incursions into Peru.     

基于动物福利视角的规模化奶牛养殖场经济效应分析

本研究遵循动物福利"5F"原则,结合150家规模化奶牛养殖场实地调研数据,构建奶牛场动物福利评价体系,测度动物福利水平,并进一步建立嵌入动物福利水平测度值的规模化奶牛养殖场收入函数,验证关联效应.结果表明:生理福利和环境福利是影响我国规模化奶牛养殖场动物福利的最重要的2个维度,受访的规模化奶牛养殖场生理福利和环境福利的...     

柞蚕杂种优势的研究与利用

我国自20世纪70年代开始系统开展柞蚕杂种优势的研究,从柞蚕不同经济性状的杂种优势分析,到通过重要生化酶指标预测主要经济性状的杂种优势表现,为柞蚕优良新品种选育奠定了理论基础。依据对交亲本的亲缘关系、遗传特性、主要性状表现,采用二元、三元或多元杂交形式组配的柞蚕优良杂交组合,使生产上推广的柞蚕新品种较大程度地发挥了增产增收作用,生产上柞蚕杂交种的普及率已达到90%以上。今后应充分利用现代分子生物学技术手段,加强柞蚕重要经济性状的遗传规律研究及育种材料的创新,提高杂种优势的利用率;针对柞蚕杂交组合的特殊性,在生产上采用合理的放养利用模式,并严格按杂交形式繁育优势杂交组合的对交品种,保证生产用杂交种的品质。     

Random-effects linear model application to herd-level assessment of bovine hepatic trace mineral concentrations

To evaluate the utility of random-effects linear modeling for herd-level evaluation of trace mineral status, we performed a retrospective analysis of the results for trace mineral testing of bovine liver samples submitted to the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between 2011 and 2017. Our aim was to examine random-effects models for their potential utility in improving interpretation with minimal sample numbers. The database consisted of 1,658 animals distributed among 121 herds. Minerals were assayed by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy, and included cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum, manganese, selenium, and zinc. Intraclass correlation coefficients for each mineral were significantly different (p < 0.001) from zero and ranged from 0.38 for manganese to 0.82 for selenium, indicating that the strength of herd effects, which are presumably related to diet, vary greatly by mineral. Analysis of the distribution and standard errors of best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) values suggested that testing 5–10 animals per herd could place herds within 10 percentile units across the population of herds with 70–95% confidence, the confidence level varying among minerals. Herd means were generally similar to BLUPs, suggesting that means could be reasonably compared to BLUPs with respect to the distributions reported here. However, caution in interpreting means relative to BLUPs should be exercised when animal numbers are small, the standard errors of the means are large, and/or the values are near the extremes of the distribution.     

南方丘陵地区人工草地和旱作农田能量物质利用率

分析比较我国南方丘陵地区人工草地和旱作农田能量和养分物质的利用效率。结果表明:在建植第1年,人工草地的能量和氮的输出量大于旱作农田;牧草可有效提高光能利用率,对辅助能和氮、磷的利用效率也显著高于后者;二者经济效益相近;种草第2年的效益比第1年更好,其能量物质输出量、利用率和经济效益都显著高于旱作农田。     

中国饲料经济现状与营销模式转变之探

随着关键词结构性改革政策的不断推进,以及我国环保压力的不断增强,饲料行业面临着前所未有的挑战.本文以我国饲料行业为研究对象,进一步分析当前我国饲料行业的经济现状,深度挖掘目前行业的发展情况、市场宏观环境和政策背景等,并对比我国饲料行业与其他国家饲料行业的发展情况,得出目前我国饲料行业的发展困境.营销模式是企业经营发展的...