基于动物福利视角的规模化奶牛养殖场经济效应分析

本研究遵循动物福利"5F"原则,结合150家规模化奶牛养殖场实地调研数据,构建奶牛场动物福利评价体系,测度动物福利水平,并进一步建立嵌入动物福利水平测度值的规模化奶牛养殖场收入函数,验证关联效应.结果表明:生理福利和环境福利是影响我国规模化奶牛养殖场动物福利的最重要的2个维度,受访的规模化奶牛养殖场生理福利和环境福利的...     

Irrigation scheduling strategies for cotton to cope with water scarcity in the Fergana Valley, Central Asia

The Central Asian countries face high water scarcity due to aridity and desertification but excess water is often applied to the main irrigated crops. This over-irrigation contributes to aggravate water scarcity problems. Improved water saving irrigation is therefore required, mainly through appropriate irrigation scheduling. To provide for it, after being previously calibrated and validated for cotton in the Fergana region, the irrigation scheduling simulation model ISAREG was explored to simulate improved irrigation scheduling alternatives. Results show that using the present irrigation scheduling a large part of the applied water, averaging 20%, percolates out of the root zone. Several irrigation strategies were analyzed, including full irrigation and various levels of deficit irrigation. The analysis focused a three-year period when experiments for calibration and validation of the model were carried out, and a longer period of 33 years that provided for an analysis considering the probabilities of the demand for irrigation water. The first concerned a wet period while the second includes a variety of climatic demand conditions that provided for analyzing alternative schedules for average, high and very high climatic demand. Results have shown the importance of the groundwater contribution, mainly when deficit irrigation is applied. Analyzing several deficit irrigation strategies through the respective potential water saving, relative yield losses, water productivity and economic water productivity, it could be concluded that relative mild deficits may be adopted. Contrarily, the adoption of high water deficit that produce high water savings would lead to yield losses that may be economically not acceptable.     

Water management and crop production for food security in China: A review

Food security is a high priority issue on the Chinese political agenda. China’s food security is challenged by several anthropogenic, sociopolitical and policy factors, including: population growth; urbanization and industrialization; land use changes and water scarcity; income growth and nutritional transition; and turbulence in global energy and food markets. Sustained growth in agricultural productivity and stable relations with global food suppliers are the twin anchors of food security. Shortfalls in domestic food production can take their toll on international food markets. Turbulence in global energy markets can affect food prices and supply costs, affecting food security and poverty. Policy safeguards are needed to shield food supply against such forces. China must make unremitting policy responses to address the loss of its fertile land for true progress towards the goal of national food security, by investing in infrastructure such as irrigation, drainage, storage, transport, and agricultural research and institutional reforms such as tenure security and land market liberalization. The links between water and other development-related sectors such as population, energy, food, and environment, and the interactions among them require reckoning, as they together will determine future food security and poverty reduction in China. Climate change is creating a new level of uncertainty in water governance, requiring accelerated research to avoid water-related stresses.     

福建的经济竹类资源

福建的竹类资源丰富 ,有 15属 12 0种以上 ,并有许多有价值的经济竹类。福建竹类资源的开发利用具有广泛的前景     

四川棉区施氮水平对棉花产量及效益的影响

在四川棉区研究不同氮肥施用水平时棉花产量及经济效益的影响.试验站果表明:在一定水平下.随着氮肥施用量的增加棉花株高、单株果节数和产量相应提高;当纯氮施用达到450kg/hm2时.其产量、经济效益达到最高,而当施用术达到600k/hm2时,其经济效益还低于零氮水平.在一定氮肥施用水平的基础上,配合施用一定数量有机肥料,其经济效益最高.     

花茶最佳素坯原料的选择

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投入产出分析在农业经济系统中的应用

农业产业化发展的最终目的是获得更大的经济效益。要获得最大的产投比或者最佳经济效益,必须有最为合理经济投入范围或比例。因此,可以利用符合我国社会主义市场经济规律且已为我国其他部门投资实践活动所成功应用的科学模型,即投入产出模型(投入产出分析),来进行农业系统的经济分析。为此,综述了投入产出分析的思想、内容、方法以及这一科学管理方法的具体运用;同时,对在农业方面如何应用投入产出分析实现管理科学化、提高管理水平和经济效益进行探讨.     

农业机械化对农业产出的贡献率

测算出农业机械化对农业生产的贡献份额,有助于从总体上把握农业机械化的发展水平、发展潜力和发展趋势,为制定农业机械化政策提供可靠有力的理论依据.为此,分析了"有无比较"法及"生产函数"法应用于测算农业机械化贡献率的情况,并以湖南省为实例,采用"有无比较"法计算了农业机械化对农业产出的贡献率.     

探索城市新区社区建设的新模式—合肥经济技术开发区社区建设的回顾和思考

合肥经济技术开发区的社区建设在全国开发区解决“三农”问题方面具有重要的示范作用。作者分析了合肥经济技术开发区社区建设的背景及原因，回顾了合肥经济技术开发 区社区建设的进程及其取得的巨大成效，最后探讨了社区建设面临的一些问题和进一步健康发展所需要的制度创新。     

西门塔尔牛与黑白花牛杂交一代的研究——Ⅰ. 杂交一代的适应性观察

利用瑞士西门塔尔公牛与黑白花低产母牛杂交,获得F_1母牛,平均体重530kg,产奶力强,年用混合精料900kg,产奶量达到3889.63±83.23kg,乳脂率3.75%;阉公牛育肥性能良好,年用混合精料182.50kg,屠宰率46.14%,净肉率38.14%,含有50和西门塔尔牛血的F_1母牛在产奶量、奶的质量,以及公犊在去势育肥等生产性能方面均表现出较大优势,同时,F_1也表现出有易适应环境、抗病力强等优点。因此,用西门塔尔公牛来改良低产黑白花牛的做法是可行的。