An advisory model for control of Puccinia recondita in winter wheat

Epidemics ofPuccinia recondita and resulting yield loss of winter wheat were studied in field experiments over three seasons in the Netherlands. Results are reported and used to construct an advisory model for control of brown rust, based on rust monitoring. If the fraction of leaves with rust (I) at a certain development stage is determined, the average number of rust sori per leaf (M) was estimated by: M=EXP(1.84+1.39ln(ln[1/(1-I)]). The final number of sori per leaf (Mf) at early dough was forecast by an exponential growth: Mf=M·EXP(RGR·t). The relative growth rate (RGR) averaged 0.163/day and the forecasting period, t, until early dough, was derived from published data. The forecast number of sori-days per leaf (S, AUDPC-value) was then obtained by: S=(Mf-M)/RGR. Yield loss (kg/ha) by brown rust was 1.15 times the number of sori-days per leaf at low rust intensities. The efficacy of the fungicides used was 85%. The forecast avoidable yield loss (L, kg/ha) was calculated by: L=0.85 (1.15 S). Economic thresholds for brown rust control at different development stages are given for Dutch wheat fields at a cost level of 270 kg/ha for one fungicide application.     

福建省葡萄病毒病的调查和研究

１９９０～１９９２年作者对福建省葡萄产区进行了抽样调查，发现该省约３１％的果园有葡萄扇叶病（ＧＦＬＶ）和葡萄卷叶病（ＧＬＲＶ）。在调查的１１３００株葡萄中（６０２亩），ＧＦＬＤ株发病率为１３．２７％，造成葡萄减产２７．２％；ＧＬＲＶ株发病率为７．３％，减产２１．５％。病株表现为不同程度的种性退化，生长赢弱、停滞，果实品质下降，果粒成熟不齐。     

水稻病虫为害损失试验初报

本文探讨了测算水稻病虫为害总损失、虫害损失、病害损失、挽回损失和实际损失等五组数据的田间试验设计和方法，并以此来评估水稻病虫为害损失情况，同时分析造成为害损失的病虫主次。     

Alteration of efferent system functions in noise-induced hearing loss patients

AIM:To investigate the changes of efferent system functions in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) patients and find out a method of clinic diagnosis for NIHL.METHODS:The amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emission were measured with and without contralateral broad-band noise using Celesta-503 otoacoustic emission analyzer. The efferent system functions were evaluated by the amplitudes of contralateral suppression.RESULTS:The contralateral suppressions in NIHL patients were significant lower than those in control group in low frequency (0.75 kHz and 1 kHz) of DP-gram and low level primary tone in 2 kHz input/output function. There were no significant differences in contralateral suppressions of 4 kHz and 6 kHz input/output function between NIHL patients and control group.CONCLUSION:The contralateral suppressions in NIHL patients are lower than those in normal hearing subjects and the measurements of efferent system functions could be used in early detection and clinic diagnosis for NIHL.     

稻象甲的防治指标和防治适期研究

根据稻象甲虫量与水稻产量的关系 ,结合现行的稻谷价格 ,产量水平和防治费用等因素 ,进行了稻象甲危害损失的测定 ,制定了稻象甲的防治指标。采用累积虫日作为防治指数 ,确定了在江西境内稻象甲的防治适期     

意大利蝗取食特性及损失估计研究

野外条件下,对意大利蝗（Calliptamus italicus）的取食特性、食量进行了研究;同时用笼罩和模拟方法测定了意大利蝗对田间产草量造成的损失。研究结果表明：意大利蝗若虫喜食冷蒿（Artemisia frigida Willd.）、针叶苔草（Carex onoei Franch. et Sav.）;而成虫则喜食冷蒿、新疆鼠尾草（Salvia deserta Schang）、黄花苜蓿（Medicago falcata Linn.）。意大利蝗3、4、5、6龄若虫以及成虫日平均食量分别为14.27、18.77、20.80、27.65、29.26 mg/头;在4、8、12、16头/m2密度下,笼罩产草量损失分别为5.66、16.45、26.78、26.41 g/m2;模拟产草量损失分别为6.23、19.40、26.65、30.85 g/m2。相关性分析结果表明,两者显著相关。上述结果对于指导意大利蝗的防治和更有效地控制意大利蝗的危害具有非常重要的意义。     

柞蚕杂种优势的研究与利用

我国自20世纪70年代开始系统开展柞蚕杂种优势的研究,从柞蚕不同经济性状的杂种优势分析,到通过重要生化酶指标预测主要经济性状的杂种优势表现,为柞蚕优良新品种选育奠定了理论基础。依据对交亲本的亲缘关系、遗传特性、主要性状表现,采用二元、三元或多元杂交形式组配的柞蚕优良杂交组合,使生产上推广的柞蚕新品种较大程度地发挥了增产增收作用,生产上柞蚕杂交种的普及率已达到90%以上。今后应充分利用现代分子生物学技术手段,加强柞蚕重要经济性状的遗传规律研究及育种材料的创新,提高杂种优势的利用率;针对柞蚕杂交组合的特殊性,在生产上采用合理的放养利用模式,并严格按杂交形式繁育优势杂交组合的对交品种,保证生产用杂交种的品质。     

叶螨为害苹果树的产量损失估测

1987—1989年研究苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi)与山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennenses)为害对苹果产量的影响。结果表明:①叶螨为害后,叶片的各项生理指标皆有反应,其中以光合作用强度最敏感;②叶螨为害对果实质量无显著影响,但不同螨量的果实体积之间存在明显差异;③平均累积雌成螨螨日(MDi)与平均减产率(Qi)之间有正相关关系,为害当年表现出果实变小单果重减轻,次年表现出花量减少,果实数下降。1987与1989年以苹果全爪螨为主,减产率分别为3.31%—11.25%与2.89%—10.75%。1988年以山楂叶螨为主,减产率为2.36%—13.48%;④上年受害树次年继续测产,看出叶螨的持续影响更为严重。以苹果全爪螨为主的持续减产率第二年达2.0%—86.2%;第三年的影响又相对减轻。以山楂叶螨为主的减产率第二年为-14.4%—69.4%。     

高海拔地区鸡胚发育关键因素研究

对藏鸡(T)、饲养在北京的藏鸡(TB)、矮小隐性白(D)、农大小型蛋鸡商品代种蛋(M)、寿光鸡(S)、藏鸡×矮小隐性白(TD)、藏鸡×寿光鸡(TS)7组种蛋在西藏林芝进行孵化研究,通过阶段死亡率、出雏率、失水率数据分析了影响高海拔地区胚胎发育的关键因素。结果表明胚胎本身的高原生活力是鸡蛋高海拔孵化主要因素,其次是蛋壳传导力。     

Critical period for weed control in direct seeded red pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

Direct seeded red pepper is a cash crop in Kahramanmara? province of Turkey as well as some other nearby provinces. Weeds are a major constraint in red pepper production. Field studies were conducted to determine critical period for weed control (CPWC) in direct seeded spice pepper in Kahramanmara?, in 2008 and 2009. The CPWC in red pepper based on a 2.5%, 5% and 10% acceptable yield loss (AYL) was calculated by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data. The CPWC in red pepper was determined from 0 to 1087 growing degree days (GDD) in 2008 and from 109 to 796 GDD in 2009 for 10% AYL after crop emergence in red pepper. For 2.5–5% AYL, the CPWC starts with germination and lasts until harvest. Direct seeded red pepper is very vulnerable to weed competition and weed control programs for direct seeded spice pepper in Turkey should include pre‐emergence and residual herbicides.