Post-fire tree stress and growth following smoldering duff fires

Understanding the proximate causes of post-fire conifer mortality due to smoldering duff fires is essential to the restoration and management of coniferous forests throughout North America. To better understand duff fire-caused mortality, we investigated tree stress and radial growth following experimental fires in a long-unburned forest on deep sands in northern Florida, USA. We burned basal fuels surrounding 80 mature Pinus palustris Mill. in a randomized experiment comparing the effects of basal burning treatments on stem vascular meristems; surficial roots; root and stem combinations; and a non-smoldering control. We examined the effects of duration of lethal temperatures (>60 °C) on subsequent pine radial growth and root non-structural carbohydrates (starch and sugar). Duff and mineral soil temperatures in the experimental fires consistently exceeded 60 °C for over an hour following ignition, with lethal temperatures of shorter duration recorded 20 cm below the mineral soil surface. Duff heating was best explained by day-of-burn Oe horizon moisture (P = 0.01), although little variation was explained (R² = 0.24). Post-fire changes in latewood radial increment in the year following fires was related to duration of temperatures >60 °C 10 cm deep in the mineral soil (P = 0.07), but explained little variability in post-fire growth (R² = 0.17). In contrast, changes in non-structural carbohydrate content in coarse roots (2–5 mm diameter) 120 days following burning were more strongly correlated with the duration of lethal heating 5 cm below the mineral soil surface (P = 0.02; R² = 0.53). Results from this study implicate the role of mineral soil heating in the post-fire decline of mature longleaf pine following restoration fires in sandy soils.     

Small-Scale Shrimp Grower–Collector Relationships: The Case of Thua Thien Hue Province,Central Vietnam

Small-scale shrimp-culture is an important livelihood for rural residents in Thua Thien Hue (TTH) province, central Vietnam. However, they are facing the risk of exclusion from the food system due to globalization and trade liberalization. To keep these farmers in modern supply chains, their relationships with other chain actors, foremost the collectors, need to be improved. Thus, this study explores the characteristics and constructs of the relationships between the small-scale shrimp growers and their collectors. Data was based on a survey on 83 small-scale shrimp growers, together with 16 unstructured interviews with growers (10) and collectors (6). It was revealed that the relationships between small-scale shrimp growers and collectors in TTH province are short-term and price-driven and are influenced by the power of collectors. The relationship strength was measured by five intercorrelated constructs including reliability, willingness-to-maintain, desire-fulfilment, negotiation capacity, and discussion capacity. Although some constructs were positively correlated, the strength of the relationships was weak. Both business linkages and social connections affected the grower-collector relationships. Female traders had stronger relationships with collectors than males. Therefore, interventions should be focused on business and social linkages as well as females’ involvement in shrimp trade.     

浅论乡村生态文明建设中的冲突与转化——基于北京卫视《向前一步》栏目典型案例的分析

经济建设与生态文明、公共利益与个人利益之间的平衡是首都生态涵养区建设中无法回避的焦点问题.以北京卫视《向前一步》栏目中北京市密云区、平谷区和门头沟区三个典型案例为研究对象,通过分析其协调解决矛盾的过程,挖掘争议背后的实质问题,总结利益冲突内在的普遍规律和解决方法.解决生态文明建设中的冲突,一方面需要引导、支持、帮扶有关群众,以新的生计替代方式参与生态农业建设;另一方面需要做好对广大群众的宣传、教育与疏导,统筹把握好公共利益和个人利益之间的平衡点,促进生态文明建设和乡村振兴的融合发展.     

乌鲁木齐市城乡建设用地增减挂钩潜力分析

以土地利用现状数据及土地利用总体规划数据为支撑,研究乌鲁木齐市城乡建设用地增减挂钩潜力规模测算方法。基于研究区农村居民点腾退规模的测算,从城乡建设用地需求出发,运用需求与腾退平衡体系方法,对乌鲁木齐市城乡建设用地增减挂钩的潜力进行实证分析。实证分析结果表明:腾退规模满足建设用地需求,建设用地增加挂钩潜力系数为1.02,增加潜力面积为40.40hm2。研究立足于缓解城乡建设用地需求压力,反映地区实际农村居民点整理潜力,为区域城乡建设用地动态平衡提供科学依据,为农村建设用地整理与流转奠定理论基础,同时为进一步盘活农村存量建设用地资源探索新途径。     

云南古茶园土壤化学成分研究

通过实地采样和实验室化验分析,研究云南古茶园土壤化学成分含量状况。结果表明,古茶园土壤含有机质4.66%、碱解氮167.48 mg/kg、速效磷13.57 mg/kg和速效钾81.46 mg/kg,有效硼1.07 mg/kg、有效钙292.93 mg/kg、有效镁47.2 mg/kg、有效铁85.99 mg/kg、有效锰20.72 mg/kg、有效铜0.93 mg/kg和有效锌1.33 mg/kg,全铬74.28 mg/kg、全铅96.67 mg/kg和全汞0.13 mg/kg。有机质含量高于中国目前一等土壤生产水平和高产优质高效茶园土壤含量水平,速效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌含量均低于高产优质高效茶园土壤含量水平。     

玉米温敏自交不亲和系的鉴定与生态学机制分析

在玉米繁殖过程中发现了一种生态自交不亲和材料HE 97,为了证明其不亲和类型及其生态学机制,通过2 a田间分期播种和花丝切片观察,对该材料的自交不亲和性进行了研究.结果表明,HE 97的自交不亲和性主要受温度影响,表现为高温自交亲和,低温自交不亲和,亲和性转换的敏感时期是雄穗的小花分化期/雌穗生长锥伸长期,临界温度为20～24℃.花粉在其相同基因型花丝上不能萌发可能是导致HE 97自交不亲和的主要原因.     

贵州省产业结构变动与经济增长关系实证研究

针对1995年~2007年贵州省产业结构以及经济增长统计数据,运用经济计量模型进行回归分析,阐明贵州省产业结构变动对其经济增长的拉动作用,进而提出贵州省应结合省情深入研究,科学发展特色农业;在继续发展资源密集型和高能耗工业的同时,积极推动工业产业结构的高度化;加快第三产业,尤其是旅游业的快速发展。     

试析完善我国证券监管法律制度构建之思路

我国证券市场正在转型,证券监管问题颇多。我国证券法多次修订背景下,证券监管 正面临新形势,中国应改变以往政府过度监管状态,发挥市场主体监管职能。     

黄土高原南部人工植被作用下的土壤水分研究

在大量野外调查和室内测定的基础上,研究了黄土高原南部地区丰水年前后不同人工植被下0～6m土壤水分含量。研究表明,年均降雨量600mm左右的正常年份,该区内杨树林、法国梧桐林和中国梧桐林下1.5～4m土层平均含水量约为90g/kg左右,发育了弱的土壤干化层,4～6m土层平均含水量约为120g/kg,水分状况优于上部土层。麦地和草地下0～6m水分状况良好,未出现土壤干化现象。丰水年充足的降水后所有林木下土壤干层消失,水分得到很好的恢复,说明该区并未形成永久性土壤干层,这为该区人工植被的良好生长提供了必要的条件。但目前加速发展的生态建设及经济林业仍会给该区土壤水分良性循环带来威胁,因此应加强人工植被下土壤水分的长期观测,合理引种、适当栽培,在收益的同时保证生态环境的可持续发展。     

磷肥对甘肃临夏地区燕麦干草及种子生产的影响

为确定甘肃高寒雨养区燕麦(Avena sativa)种子生产中磷肥最佳用量,提高肥料利用效率,试验在氮肥(尿素)用量75 kg·hm^-2的固定水平下,设计4个磷肥(P₂O₅)水平(0(CK),65(C₁),100(C₂),135(C₃)kg·hm^-2),对各磷肥水平下干草产量、种子产量和相关性状的变化进行了研究。结果表明：施用磷肥使燕麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖和干草产量均有提高,灌浆期C₁,C₂,C₃干草产量较CK依次提高13.85%,25.96%,22.65%,干草产量与磷肥水平显著正相关(相关系数0.91);施用磷肥提高了燕麦的有效分蘖数、主穗长,显著提高主穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、种子产量和秸秆产量,C₁,C₂,C₃种子产量较CK依次提高12.37%,16.72%,14.38%,种子产量与磷肥水平显著正相关...