引黄济津应急调水工程河北段输水能力计算

针对引黄济津应急调水工程河北段的输水能力进行了研究。渠段的输水能力是指渠段所能通过的最大入流量，即渠段的首端断面所能通过的最大流量。根据引黄济津应急调水工程近4年的实测数据，构建了适于干河床水流推进过程渗漏损失的改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型，并采用均匀试验优选方法对水力参数进行了反演，利用非恒定流模型对引黄济津河北段渠系输水能力进行了计算。结果表明，建立的渗漏损失改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型是合理的，反演得到的参数是精确的；由于在水流推进与涨水阶段渠床的非稳定渗漏起了较大作用，所以各渠段的输水能力在非稳定输水阶段比稳定输水阶段稍大。输水能力的计算结果可以为引黄济津未来几年的输水规划与调度提供具体的指导。     

肌肉系水力的影响因素及其可能机制

系水力是反映肉品质的重要指标,对肌肉的物理形态、风味、肉色等都有重要的意义.研究表明,肌肉净电荷含量减少、肌肉收缩、肌肉细胞蛋白降解以及遗传因素等都会影响系水力,但是目前对影响肌肉系水力的具体作用机制尚不完全明确.本文旨在结合国内外研究进展,对系水力的影响因素及其机制进行综述.同时,如何通过各种手段调控系水力,获得优良的肉质产品,是未来重要的研究方向.     

重庆走马岭隧道岩溶及岩溶水发育特征

走马岭隧道通过方斗山背斜可溶岩地区。岩溶发育强烈。在分析隧址区地质环境的基础上,详细论述隧址区岩溶发育分布规律和特征,岩溶水补、径、排条件及化学特征,为隧道安全施工提供科学依据并提出建议。     

Effects of chilled drinking water on the performance of lactating sows and their litters during high ambient temperatures under farm conditions

Heat stress has detrimental effects on lactating sows and their litters, including decreased feed intake and milk production in sows and decreased weight gain in their offspring. It also increases respiration rate, rectal temperature, and weaning to estrus interval in sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chilled water (CW) on the performance of lactating sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures for 21 days. Ninety multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; parity range: 2 to 5) and their litters (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) were divided into 3 blocks (30 each). Sows and their litters within each block were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (n = 10 each). Each group was provided with drinking water at 10, 15, or 22 °C (control) under farm conditions where ambient temperature above 25 °C was consistent during the experimental period. Sows on CW (both 10 and 15 °C) consumed more feed and water than did control (P < 0.01) and higher estimated milk production compared with control (P < 0.01), but had lower rectal temperature and respiration rate compared with control (P < 0.01). Mean weaning weight (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) of litters in CW groups were higher than those in control group. There were no differences in the measured variables, with the exception of the respiration rates, between the two CW treatment groups. These results suggest that CW may improve the performance of sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures and the 15 °C water, from an energy viewpoint, may be more effective.     

Response of Leek (Allium porrum L.) to Different Irrigation Water Levels Under Rain Shelter

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water levels on water-use efficiency, yield and growth parameters of leek (Allium porrum L.) and was carried out in the practical research field of Ondokuz May?s University in Turkey. Different irrigation water levels were based on the weight changes of each pot and included 5 irrigation treatments [25% (I₂₅), 50% (I₅₀), 75% (I₇₅), 100% (I₁₀₀) and 118% (I₁₁₈) times of consumed water]. Decreases in irrigation water resulted in decreases in plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem fresh weights, leaf and stem dry weights and leaf area, but did not significantly affect leaf number or chlorophyll content. A yield-response factor of 1.26 was obtained, implying that the leek crop was sensitive to water stress caused by deficit irrigation. Comprehensive analysis of yield, water use efficiency, and evapotranspiration, the I₇₅ treatment can be suggested for leek production in water-scarce regions.     

任豆种子发芽对干旱胁迫的响应

为研究任豆种子的耐旱特性,配置不同浓度的聚乙二醇模拟干旱亏缺环境,对任豆种子萌芽进行干旱胁迫。结果表明,任豆种子萌发的水势范围是0~(-0.60)MPa,随着干旱胁迫加剧,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、芽长和活力指数呈明显下降的趋势;当水势为-0.86 MPa时,种子便不能发芽。干旱胁迫对任豆种子发芽的影响较大。     

节水抗旱组合技术措施对玉米产量形成因素及水分利用效率的影响

采用裂区设计方法,研究节水抗旱组合技术措施(坐水种、苗期补灌和垄作区田保水技术集成)下玉米产量形成因素及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:坐水种、苗期补灌都起到了较好效果,在该试验年,供水总量相同的条件下,补水比坐水能起到更好的作用;从垄作区田的效果来看,有区田的处理比无区田处理得到更好结果。     

Interacting effects of irradiance and water stress on dry weight and biomass partitioning in Fagus sylvatica seedlings

Abstract

Actual climate models for central Europe predict prolonged summer droughts. Knowledge on how the interaction between light and water availability affects regeneration will hence be of major importance. In an experiment carried out under controlled conditions, newly emerged beech seedlings were grown in pots with sand during 54 days. Three treatments applying three different light levels (2, 9 and 43% relative light intensity) were combined with two soil water treatments (control and drought). At the end of the experiment, seedlings were separated into leaves, stem and root and the seedlings’ dry mass, leaf area and stem length was determined. Low irradiance (2%) had a strong negative effect on dry weights of seedling components, leaf area and specific leaf mass. Drought clearly affected biomass partitioning for seedlings at high irradiance levels (43%). An interaction between irradiance and drought on biomass partitioning in beech seedlings was observed at medium irradiance level (9%). Within a wide range of light levels in the forests, both light and drought may affect biomass partitioning in young seedlings.