基于模拟降雨的土壤表土结皮特征及坡面侵蚀响应

土壤表土结皮对坡面侵蚀过程具有重要影响,利用模拟降雨条件下土壤贯入和产流产沙试验,对不同降雨场次紫色土和黄壤表土结皮特征及坡面侵蚀响应进行研究。结果表明：（1）PT型贯入仪测定的贯入数值（P）与含水率（θ）成标准指数函数关系。（2）不同降雨场次表土结皮存在＂无结皮→弱结皮→强结皮→弱结皮→新结皮＂的动态发育过程,相同降雨条件下黄壤表土结皮强度大于紫色土的。（3）持续降雨过程不同降雨场次土壤表土结皮对溅蚀影响不明显,而与产流存在显著的动态响应关系,结皮强度越大产流量也越大,结皮对产流的影响随着降雨进行而有增大趋势,黄壤表土结皮的径流增加量大于紫色土的,而紫色土坡面结皮对产流量变化敏感程度大于黄壤。不同场次降雨过程土壤表土结皮对坡面侵蚀产沙影响存在差异,前4场降雨表土结皮强度与坡面侵蚀产沙有相同的变化趋势,4次降雨后土壤表土结皮表现为对坡面侵蚀有抑制作用。     

沈阳地区鸡慢性呼吸道病的流行病学调查

采用玻片凝集试验结合现场观察，对沈阳地区15个鸡场不同品种和日龄的未免疫鸡进行了鸡慢性呼吸道病(CRD)流行病学调查。共检测了300份鸡血清，平均阳性率33％。被调查的15个鸡场中的12个鸡场显示有CRD血清抗体阳性鸡，表明沈阳地区一些鸡场鸡群已被鸡败血霉形体(MG)感染，有的鸡场还相当严重。     

石灰联合碳铵熏蒸对连作香蕉生长和根际微生物群落结构的影响

摘 要：由于长期连作导致香蕉枯萎病大量爆发,造成香蕉种植面积锐减,已严重影响海南香蕉产业的发展,因而急需寻求能够缓解或克服香蕉连作障碍的有效措施。本实验旨在探究使用绿色土壤熏蒸剂对长期连作蕉园的香蕉枯萎病的防控效果,特别是对植株生长发育、土壤化学性质和根际微生物区系的影响。田间试验共设置两个处理：石灰碳铵熏蒸处理（LAB）和对照处理（CK）。结果表明: LAB处理可以显著降低香蕉枯萎病发病率,与CK处理相比两季分别降低40%和46.62%,显著增加香蕉亩产量,与CK处理相比两季分别增产45.56%和75.99%。LAB处理可以显著提高土壤pH,改善土壤酸化,使酸性土壤维持中性水平,同时,增加土壤有机质含量,并且显著提高土壤速效磷（两季分别提高28.33%和89.14%）和速效钾含量（23.92%和38.67%）。并且LAB处理明显改变香蕉根际微生物群落结构,可以显著降低变形菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度,显著增加放线菌门等相对丰度,同时显著降低病原菌镰刀菌属相对丰度,并且显著提高部分土壤拮抗菌属的相对丰度,如链霉菌属、红球菌属和曲霉属。因此,石灰碳铵熏蒸有效改善香蕉根际微生物群落结构,有效防控香蕉枯萎病的发生并促进其植株生长。     

Effect of apple cultivars and storage periods on the virulence of Neofabraea spp.

Bull’s eye rot is a typical quiescent postharvest apple disease in major fruit-growing areas. The susceptibility of different apple cultivars to Neofabraea spp. (N. vagabunda and N. malicorticis) was assessed, with Granny Smith showing the most resistance and Cripps Pink the most susceptibility. To assess the factors involved in conidial germination, Neofabraea spp. were grown on crude protein extracts (CPEs) collected from apple fruits at different storage periods. Fungal germ tube growth rate and pathogenic enzyme (cellulase and xylanase) activity were assessed. Results showed that CPEs collected after 2 and 4 months of storage progressively stimulated conidial germination and germ tube elongation, while a lesser effect was observed from CPEs after 1 month of storage. Xylanase proved to be the main degrading enzyme secreted by all the isolates, while cellulase was produced only by N. vagabunda isolates. Overall, the isolate ID02 was the most virulent, based on more rapid germ tube elongation and greater activity of the lytic enzymes.     

鲟鱼气泡病病例简报

本文首次对鲟鱼气泡病作了报道,文章对该病病症进行了描述。初步分析了鲟鱼气泡病病因,并提出了防治鲟鱼气泡病的几点意见。     

2008年江苏地区基因Ⅶd亚型新城疫病毒遗传变异分析

为了研究基因Ⅶ d亚型新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)的分子流行病学及遗传变异规律,作者对2008年分离自江苏地区16株具有一定代表性NDV分离株的F和HN基因片段进行了扩增.根据F基因和HN基因序列绘制的2个遗传进化树基本一致,表明分离株中不存在囊膜糖蛋白基因发生重组的NDV;同时,HN蛋白线性表位发生E347K突变的变异株的分离率在我国呈上升趋势.基因Ⅶd亚型变异株的出现应引起相关领域从业者们的高度重视.     

Two-dimensional,long-axis echocardiographic ratios for assessment of left atrial and ventricular size in dogs

Introduction

Left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) enlargement affect management and outcome of dogs with cardiac disease. Short-axis, two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) images, indexed to the aorta (Ao), are frequently used to identify cardiomegaly. Long-axis images offer complementary views of the left heart.

我国出口观赏鸟新城疫病毒血清抗体的监测

2001年月11月-2002年12月间，用血凝抑制试验(HI)对28种出口观赏鸟的600份血清进行了NDV血清抗体监测。结果：阳性抗体1：2滴度的检出率为69．8％、1：4的为15．3％、1：8(含1：8以上)的为4．8％；冬春两季的检出率比夏秋两季高。被检雀形目的10个科28种观赏鸟中全部检出不同程度的NDV血清阳性抗体，抗体滴度在1：4以上的有9个科，分别是雀科、梅花雀科、绣眼科、鸫亚科、鹎科、巫鸟科、书眉画科和百灵科，其中以梅花雀科和百灵科的检出率最高。     

Aortic to caudal vena cava ratio measurements using abdominal ultrasound are increased in dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension

Chronically sustained systemic hypertension in dogs can damage the kidneys, eye, brain, heart, and vessels. In human medicine, systemic hypertension has been implicated as the most common risk factor for aorta dilation, which can progress to an aneurysm. Abdominal ultrasound has been commonly used to monitor the size of the abdominal aorta in people with systemic hypertension. In this retrospective cross‐sectional abdominal ultrasound study, evaluation of the size of the abdominal aorta relative to the caudal vena cava was performed in 18 control dogs and 128 dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension. Preexisting conditions contributing to systemic hypertension in these dogs were renal disease, hyperadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, adrenal tumors, and previous administration of phenylpropanolamine or palladia. The abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava were assessed from longitudinal images cranial to the trifurcation with measurements made from outer border to outer border of the walls, being careful not to compress the caudal vena cava that would alter its size. Our hypothesis was the ratio of the diameter of the abdominal aorta to caudal vena cava would be higher in dogs with systemic hypertension compared to dogs with normal blood pressure. The mean abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio was 1.028 in control dogs with a normal blood pressure and 1.515 in dogs with systemic hypertension. In dogs with confirmed systemic hypertension, the abdominal aorta was dilated compared to the caudal vena cava in the caudal abdomen. An increase in the abdominal aorta‐caudal vena cava ratio in a dog should raise suspicion for the presence of systemic hypertension and prompt evaluation of blood pressure.