Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

黔中地区旱地黄壤抗干旱能力研究

对地处贵州中部的旱地黄壤水分特征曲线测定的基础上,通过2年的定位观测,旱地黄壤无效水分含量高、有效水分贮量少,作物利用难度大,抗干旱能力低,黄壤季节性干旱主要受制于降水;土壤水分耗竭随季节性气候特点和作物种类而异,旱地灌溉应结合季节性气候特点和作物种类等因素进行综合考虑,因地制宜地发展集雨工程,确定灌溉合理的灌水量是解决黄壤旱地季节性干旱的主要措施。     

林木病虫害防治施药机的风机选型分析

通过对常用典型风机工作性能和结构特点的分析,结合林木病虫害风送施药防治的要求,提出针对不同高度林木风送施药防治病虫害设备在选用风机类型时的建议和原则。     

Detection of Aphanomyces invadans and epizootic ulcerative syndrome in the Murray‐Darling drainage

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome was diagnosed, and the presence of Aphanomyces invadans confirmed, from an outbreak of clinical disease in wild‐caught bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) from the Darling River near Bourke, in New South Wales, Australia, during 2008. This confirms a significant extension of the agent beyond its historical range.     

Periodicity and gradients in dispersal ofAlternaria linicola in linseed crops

Conidia ofAlternaria linicola produced on infected linseed crops were mainly dispersed by wind. The numbers of conidia in the air above linseed crops collected by a Burkard spore sampler were greatest between 1200 h and 1300 h, when the relative humidity was lowest. Although numbers of conidia collected decreased with increasing height within and above the crop canopy, air-borneA. linicola conidia were present up to 80 cm above the crop canopy. Conidia ofA. linicola were transported by wind up to at least 40 m downwind from an artificial line inoculum source, but their numbers decreased with increasing distance from the source. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, the dispersal ofA. linicola conidia above linseed crops followed a seasonal periodicity which was influenced by weather conditions and cultural practices. The greatest numbers of conidia were collected during July, August and early September and coincided with periods favourable for sporulation and with an increase in the incidence of the disease in the senescent crop. Air-borneA. linicola conidia produced on point or line inoculum sources (naturally infected linseed stem debris) were responsible for the spread of the disease in linseed crops. In 1992 and 1993, the disease was first detected downwind from the sources, but by the end of the growing seasons, it had spread in all directions and up to 20 m and 60 m from the sources, respectively. Disease gradients were initially steep near the inoculum sources but they became flatter with time due to the secondary spread of the disease.     

有关鸡瘟病毒防治方法的讨论

鸡瘟是病毒引起的一种急性传染病。鸡瘟的季节一般在春季和秋季发生,它的传染比较迅速,如果没有进行及时的防控,流行起来,具有很高的死亡率。     

海城地区杨树烂皮病的突发原因及其对策

辽宁省海城地区2011年突发的杨树烂皮病,危害严重,面积达2549hm2,阐述了杨树烂皮病发生危害情况,分析了突发原因,提出了防治对策。     

浅议保护性耕作技术推广过程中存在的问题及解决途径

土地采用保护性耕作方法,可有效的防止水土流失,增加土壤蓄水能力,提高雨水利用率,培肥地利,增加土壤有机质,减少耕作次数,降低生产成本,各种农作物增产明显。     

应用鸡胚接种试验研究中草药的抗新城疫病毒作用

为了筛选出高效的抗新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)中草药,采用鸡胚接种试验测定了常用清热解毒中草药的体外抗NDV作用.结果表明矮地茶、侧柏叶、贯众、诃子、虎杖、白蔹、夏枯草、黄连对新城疫病毒具有较好的杀灭作用.     

坡度和雨强对重庆市黄壤旱坡地产流产沙特征的影响

黄壤作为重庆市山地主要的土壤类型之一,对重庆市农业生产有重要影响。通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究不同坡度和降雨强度条件对黄壤旱坡地产流产沙特征影响及响应过程,结果表明：（1）输沙率随降雨强度的增大而增大,对于短历时强降雨来说,输沙率保持在一个相对平均的水平,比长历时中强度降雨的输沙率大。在坡度0°～25°以内,黄壤旱坡地产流量与坡度之间的关系可以用多相式进行拟合,得到产流临界坡度为22.83°;（2）土壤侵蚀量与坡度符合二次抛物线关系,随坡度的增加出现临界坡度,重庆市黄壤旱坡地土壤侵蚀的临界值坡度为24.7°。在降雨特征参数中,平均降雨强度是反映黄壤旱坡地泥沙量、径流系数和径流泥沙含量的最好特征参数,时段最大降雨强度I10最能反映黄壤旱坡地径流量的变化特征;（3）在10°,15°,20°3个不同坡度下,径流量和产沙量与雨强均表现为幂函数关系,相关系数均在大于0.05置信区间呈显著相关性。