巢式PCR法鉴定猪早期胚胎性别的研究

根据猪SRY基因序列设计合成2对巢式PCR引物作为性别鉴定引物,根据猪β-珠蛋白基因序列设计了一对引物作为内标引物建立了猪胚胎性别鉴定的PCR反应体系。公猪可以扩增出187bp的SRY基因片段和255bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段,母猪只能扩增出255bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段。由于巢式PCR只需3～8个细胞就可以在紫外灯下看到扩增结果,而常规PCR则需要较多的细胞,所以胚胎性别鉴定时使用巢式PCR效果更好。     

赤潮异弯藻对鳀鱼早期发育的影响

就赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)藻液及各组分对鳀鱼(Engraulis ja ponicus)早期发育阶段的影响进行了研究。并就鳃鱼早期发育过程中对赤潮异弯藻的敏感性时期作了探讨。实验结果表明,原肠期前的发育卵和初孵仔鱼对赤潮异弯藻较其他发育阶段更为敏感。在同等条件下藻细胞内容物对鳃鱼早期发育各阶段的毒性最大,其次是藻细胞碎片和藻液,去藻过滤液的毒性最小。暴露在高浓度90000c／ml藻细胞内容物中,96h后仔鱼的存活率为4％;而在同浓度的去藻过滤液中,96h后仔鱼的存活率为75％。藻细胞内容物和藻细胞碎片对鳃鱼仔鱼96hI。C∞分别为2818、6760c／mL．     

草莓新品种‘天香’

 ‘天香’草莓由‘达赛莱克特’与‘卡姆罗莎’草莓杂交育成。在北京地区日光温室条件下1月上旬成熟, 果实圆锥形, 果形正, 平均单果质量29.8 g, 最大果质量58 g, 橙红色, 光泽强, 风味浓,耐贮运。可溶性固形物含量为8.9% , 维生素C含量为0.66 mg·g^{- 1} , 总糖5.997% , 总酸0.717% , 果实硬度0.43 kg·cm ^{- 2}。     

中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

异季栽培对稻米品质的影响

稻米品质改良是主要育种目标之一。稻米品质的优劣,既受遗传基因的制约,也受环境因素的影响,尤其是灌浆期间的温度条件对稻米品质的作用更大。前人研究认为,灌浆期间温度过高,籽粒的灌浆速率较快,稻米的整精米率下降,透明度变差、垩白度增大,碾磨品质和外观品质变劣;对蒸煮品质来说,高温会使稻米的糊化温度升高、胶稠度变硬,直链淀粉含量也受高温影响,Resurreccion等和赵式英认为这种影响因品种特性而异,Juliano则认为高温会降低直链淀粉含量。从我国目前稻米品质的现状来看,早籼米的品质劣于晚籼米,早籼品种经翻秋栽培后,品质明显变好,但对晚籼品种在早稻生长季节灌浆成熟后,其稻米品质的变化目前尚未见报道。本文通过对同一地点不同季节栽培的稻米进行品质分析,旨在洞悉早籼和晚籼品质差异的原因,以及灌浆期间环境因素对稻米品质影响的程度,以期对水稻品质育种提供依据。     

Design and development of a geothermal temperature control system for broodstock management of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

A control system was designed to raise and maintain water temperatures within 0.03-ha earthen ponds to a range conducive for spawning (24–30 °C) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Heating was done during February 2001 to April 2001, when temperatures would have otherwise prohibited spawning (<24 °C). Temperature was increased from 10 °C (ambient) by 2 °C per day, and maintained at 27 °C, by the addition of geothermally warmed water (36 °C). The control system substantially increased the controllability and precision of heating ponds compared to manual operation. Systems were designed to control sets of four ponds. In designing this control system, consideration of biological constraints was essential. Reproduction in channel catfish is most strongly influenced by temperature. Because cold fronts are common during the winter and early spring (January–March), it was essential to ensure that pond temperatures did not fall below the range for spawning. Constraints on the heating rate and temperature variability to maintain fish health and stimulate spawning behavior were considered. Components of the control system included temperature measurement devices (type-T thermocouples), a central electronic control unit, electronic switches and electrically actuated ball valves. In response to the temperature sensed by each thermocouple, the controller sent a message to close or open the valve. When the valve was opened, warm water was added to the pond to increase the average pond temperature. Hardware and algorithm design and initial system testing were the major components of this project. The final design incorporated information on relevant biological parameters and safety features including peak pond temperature, independent aeration and water pressure control mechanisms. Initial results indicate successful control of this biological system, and ongoing studies suggest similar mechanisms may be used for additional control objectives. In particular, this system could be used to vary pond temperatures to study biological responses and to cool ponds by addition of well water during summer months.     

低温对早稻幼穗分化期叶片生理特性的影响及其与产量的关系

为了探讨低温("小满寒")对早稻幼穗分化期水稻叶片生理特性及产量性状的影响,本研究以30℃/25℃为对照,利用人工气候室进行试验,研究低温(22℃/17℃)下水稻叶片的生理生化变化特征,并分析其与产量之间的灰色关联度。结果表明,随低温处理时间的延长,水稻光合色素呈先上升后下降趋势,并在处理后4 d达最大值。水稻光响应曲线的最大光合速率、光饱和点及光能初始利用效率均随着低温胁迫时间的增加逐渐下降,而光补偿点则呈上升趋势。在荧光参数方面,光化学淬灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ电子传递效率(ETR)及PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)呈先下降后上升的趋势,而非光化学淬灭系数(qN)则随着胁迫时间的延长于处理6 d达最大值。叶片SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量和可溶性蛋白含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而CAT活性随着胁迫时间的延长逐渐下降。另外,水稻产量、穗长、结实率、成穗率及千粒重等均随低温处理时间的延长而减少。通过灰色关联度分析各个性状与产量之间的关联度,依次为每穗实粒穗长二次枝梗数一次枝梗数千粒重CAT活性,且其关联度均大于1。CAT活性、光能初始利用效率、光饱和点、ETR、Fv/Fm及叶绿素a/叶绿素b等生理生化指标也与产量关联度较高,可作为低温影响下产量评价与估算的指标。     

Review of Trends in Strawberry Research from 1960 to 2016

A review of publications on “Strawberry” was done by using the Scopus database for the period 1960–2016. A total of 10,400 articles were found in the database and analyzed using a variety of measures. Results show that publication increased exponentially from 1960 to 2016. Multiple authors are collaborating in strawberry research. Acta Horticulturae was the most productive journal. The United States of America was the most productive country. The greatest portion of the research was concerned with medicinal benefits of strawberries to humans. This work will be useful to researchers in identifying trends in strawberry research.     

后墙立体栽培草莓提高冬季日光温室内温度

在日光温室的后墙上,采用管道无土栽培方式进行蔬菜或草莓生产,可以提高温室空间利用率和作物种植量,但可能会出现因为管道和植物的挡光而减少后墙蓄热、降低冬季温室温度的问题。为此,通过冬季连续31 d的温度监测,在3种典型气象（晴天、阴天、雪天）条件下,对比分析了有后墙立体基质栽培的日光温室（solar greenhouse with equipment,ESG）和无后墙立体栽培的日光温室（solar greenhouse with no equipment,NSG）温度环境的变化。监测结果表明,ESG的月平均气温较NSG高0.84℃,其中最大日温差为2.22℃,最小日温差为0.14℃。晴天条件下,ESG的日平均冠层温度和1.5 m高度处的空气温度分别是12.72和13.04℃,NSG分别是10.68和11.04℃;ESG的冠层温度最低值是4.68℃,而NSG最低值是4.10℃。可见,ESG较NSG的气温要略高一些;阴天和雪天条件下,2种温室内的温度环境无显著差别。因此,利用日光温室后墙进行立体基质栽培草莓,不但没有降低反而提高了冬季温室内的温度,是一种可行、值得推广应用的温室高效栽培技术。