复方中草药“强普素”对断乳仔猪血清补体4（C4）的影响

目的：研究复方中草药“强普素”对断乳仔猪血清C4的影响。方法：选择48头平均体重为（8.30±0.94）kg的（28±1）日龄杜×长×大断乳仔猪,按照随机区组设计分为4组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头仔猪（公母各半）。4个组分别为：（1）基础日粮（空白对照组）;（2）基础日粮+0.05%强普素（0.05%强普素组）;（3）基础日粮+0.1%强普素（0.1%强普素组）;（4）基础日粮+0.2%强普素（0.2%强普素组）。结果：添加0.1%和0.2%强普素的试验组仔猪血清C4水平显著高于空白对照组仔猪血清C4水平（P<0.05）,添加0.05%强普素的试验组仔猪血清C4水平与空白对照组仔猪血清C4水平差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论：强普素能提高断乳仔猪血清中C4的含量。     

The Relationship Between the Positive Identification of the Embryo Proper in Equine Pregnancies Aged 18-28 Days and its Future Viability: A Field Study

Early embryonic loss (EEL) negatively affects the reproductive efficiency of equine reproduction. A sign of future EEL is when the embryo proper (EP) fails to develop within the embryonic vesicle after 30 days of gestation. The earlier the identification of impending EEL, the earlier the mare can be rebred to allow a second chance of pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of embryonic vesicles with a visible EP at 18-28 days of gestation and to study the association between the presence/absence of the EP at different days of gestation and the future viability of the pregnancy. A total of 1,256 pregnancies were identified and followed by transrectal B-mode ultrasonography 12-45 days post ovulation in mares of the same Thoroughbred farm. The identification of the EP was attempted once during days 18-28. Pregnancy reconfirmation was performed on days 35-45. The percentage of vesicles with an EP increased gradually from days 18 (2.8%) to 21 (86.9%) (P < .05). From day 20 onward, the EEL rate of mares with vesicles without an EP was significantly higher (P < .05) than that of vesicles with a positive identification of an EP. In conclusion, the EP of the equine vesicle can be identified reliably with B-mode ultrasonography in the majority of mares (>71%) on day 20 of gestation. The lack of a positive identification of an EP from day 20 onward is associated with a higher EEL rate.     

牛早期胚胎发育影响因子研究进展

早期胚胎的死亡给畜牧业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失,本文分析了影响牛早期胚胎发育的诸多因素,阐述了黄体功能对早期胚胎发育的影响,指出生长因子和细胞因子可能是非人为因素中早期影响胚胎发育的最重要的因素。     

Syndromic surveillance using laboratory test requests: A practical guide informed by experience with two systems

Syndromic surveillance systems can enhance early disease warning, endemic disease monitoring, or help to accumulate proof of disease freedom. In order to provide immediate feedback to achieve these goals, the health data sources scanned should be acquired continuously, in an automated fashion, and should be stored electronically. Recognizing that data from diagnostic test requests often meet these requirements, two systems designed to automatically extract surveillance information from animal laboratory databases have been developed and are described in this paper. These systems are designed to contribute to early disease detection, as well as the timely management of epidemiological information, in a province of Canada and in Sweden, the areas served by the diagnostic laboratories concerned. Classifying in-coming requests into syndromes, the first step, was the most time-consuming and the least portable step between the two systems. The remaining steps were more easily adjusted from one system to implementation in the other. These steps included: retrospective evaluation of data to create baseline profiles following the removal of excessive noise and aberrations; the identification of temporal effects; prospective evaluation of detection algorithms; and finally real-time monitoring and implementation. Building upon the institutions’ existing data management software, all steps to use those data for the purposes of syndromic surveillance were set up using open source software; as a result this approach could be readily adopted by other institutions. Relatively straight-forward development and maintenance is expected to lead to the incorporation of these systems into each institution's surveillance processes, becoming an indispensable tool for diagnosticians and epidemiologists, as well as stimulating further technical development of such systems.     

亮氨酸对早期断奶湖羊瘤胃发育及细菌菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加亮氨酸对早期断奶湖羊瘤胃发育及瘤胃细菌菌群组成的影响。选用36只5日龄的湖羊羔羊,依据体重相近原则随机分成对照组(C,0 g/d)、亮氨酸低剂量添加组(L,0.66 g/d)和高剂量添加组(H,1.33 g/d),每组4个重复,每个重复3只羔羊。于30日龄断奶当天每组每个重复取1只羔羊屠宰以获得瘤胃组织及内容物样品(n=4)。结果表明:H组瘤胃乳头的长度较C组显著增加(线性,P<0.01);添加亮氨酸可使瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸水平显著提高(二次,P=0.05),但并未改变乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的摩尔比例(P>0.05);与C组相比,L与H组的瘤胃氨态氮浓度均显著降低(线性,P<0.05;二次,P>0.05);L组羔羊瘤胃内容物中微生物蛋白含量显著高于C组(二次,P=0.05);亮氨酸的添加并未改变瘤胃细菌物种丰富度和多样性指数,但对菌群组成有一定影响;L组瘤胃内最多的是厚壁菌门(49.5%);H组拟杆菌门(51.4%)显著高L和C组(二次,P=0.05);H组的普雷沃氏菌属最多(线性,P>0.05;二次,P>0.05),而L组的巨型球菌属最多(二次,P <0.01);与C组相比,L组的双歧杆菌属(二次,P<0.05)和光岗菌属显著增加(二次,P<0.05)。由此可见,添加亮氨酸可促进羔羊瘤胃发育,改变瘤胃细菌菌群组成。     

Early pregnancy alters the metabolic responses to restricted nutrition in sheep

This study investigated whether a 27-day period of nutrition at half-maintenance during early pregnancy (up to Day 14) could alter maternal endocrine responses. Forty-six ewes were fed all or half of their maintenance requirements and slaughtered on Day 14 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy. We used real time RT-PCR to study gene expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and leptin in adipose tissue and GHR, GHR1A and of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver. Blood profiles of metabolites and metabolic hormones were also determined. Throughout the experiment, underfed animals presented lower body weight and body condition, greater plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lower plasma concentrations of leptin, compared to adequately fed animals. Undernutrition affected the patterns of gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues, and the responses differed between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. In adequately fed ewes, pregnancy up-regulated leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue, a response that was impaired in underfed ewes. The hepatic expression of IGF-I mRNA was increased by pregnancy in underfed animals while no effect was observed in adequately fed ewes. It remains to be determined whether the changes in the endocrine milieu are paralleled by modifications in uterine gene expression that could alter the environment of the embryo during early pregnancy.     

Improved techniques for the induction and isolation of polyploids in the genus Fragaria

Summary The sensitivity of Fragaria seedlings to colchicine is dependent on the plant organ that is treated. Complete immersion of seedlings in a 1.5% colchicine solution results in total lethality, whereas the survival rates were more than 75% even at concentrations of 3.0% when only shoot apices were treated. High proportions of polyploids were isolated by treating shoot apices of seedlings with a 2.0% colchicine solution for 24–28 h. The dropper method is preferred to the tube method as it involves a minimum of manipulation and requires simple equipment. A differential response to colchicine was observed within and between different diploid species, diploid and tetraploid hybrids.     

Early assessment of processing strawberries for colour

Summary It is possible to select strawberry cultivars that give a satisfactory, naturally coloured canned product as an alternative to the commercially dyed one. Spectrophotometric measurements of the syrup from cans, the canned fruit and fresh fruit were compared with visual scoring. A preliminary screening for colour based on visual assessment of fresh flesh colour is possible.     

早生桑品种育151、育237的育成

采用杂交方法育成早生桑品种育151、育237,具有发芽早、产叶量高,叶质较优、抗黄化型萎缩病较强等特性,发芽期比早青桑捉早2-3天.比湖桑32号早8天左右.产叶量提高6-41%.     

奶牛早期妊娠诊断技术的研究进展

高效准确的早期妊娠诊断,可以缩短母牛的产犊间隔,从而达到提高母牛繁殖效率的目的。家畜早期妊娠诊断方法的研究具有悠久的历史,从原始的外部观察法到目前应用最广泛且最直接的直肠检查法,再到后期发展起来的超声波检查法以及近年来研究比较多的易于商业化的间接检测法。本文对在生产中具有实际应用效果且具有一定发展前景的早期妊娠诊断技术应用现状进行了综述。