双斑截尾寄蝇卵及幼虫发育过程及形态特征观察

双斑截尾寄蝇(Nemorilla maculosa Meigen)为草地螟(Loxostege sticticalisL.)寄生蝇的优势种之一,是草地螟重要的寄生性天敌,本文首次报道了双斑截尾寄蝇卵期及幼虫期的各个虫龄的形态特征及发育过程。研究结果表明:双斑截尾寄蝇在以草地螟为寄主时的卵期约为4d,从卵孵化到离体化蛹的整个幼虫期可以分为3个虫龄,1龄虫期为1d左右,体色为白色,体长约为1.27mm;2龄虫期为4d左右,淡黄色,体长约为1.87mm;3龄虫期为2d左右,淡黄色,体长约为5.24mm。     

四斑小毛瓢虫生物学特性初探

本文观察了四斑小毛瓢虫Scymnus frontalis各虫态的形态特征和生活习性,比较了其在不同温度下的发育历期,取食桃蚜Myzus persicae、大豆蚜Aphis glycines、麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae和刺槐蚜A.robiniae对其捕食量和幼虫发育历期的影响。在182、02、32、62、9℃条件下,四斑小毛瓢虫卵到成虫的发育时间分别为32.91、27.18、22.23、17.25、14.93d。四斑小毛瓢虫幼虫对桃蚜、大豆蚜、麦长管蚜、刺槐蚜的捕食量分别为82.97、64.70、58.57、76.11头;相应发育历期分别为9.80、10.901、0.86、9.86d。在26℃、RH70%的条件下,用桃蚜饲养四斑小毛瓢虫效果最好,成虫获得率达88%。四斑小毛瓢虫的卵期、幼虫期、蛹期及产卵前期的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为12.875、.45、11.72、14.41℃和40.94、210.915、8.54、54.42日度。     

Research on Heterogeneous Data Sharing in Early Warning System for Grain Security

The data nodes with heterogeneous database in early waming system for grain security seriously hampered the effective data collection in this system.In this article,the existing middleware technologies was analyzed,the problem-solution approach of heterogeneous data sharing was discussed through middleware technologies.Based on this method,and according to the characteristics of early warning system for grain security,the technology of data sharing in this system were researched and explored to solve the issues of collection of heterogeneous data sharing.     

贵州湄潭永兴茶场现行茶叶采摘行为的研究

本文对贵州湄潭永兴茶场目前的茶叶采摘时期和采摘方式进行研究。结果表明,永兴茶区现行的大宗茶采摘时期掌握偏迟,采下原料较大,难以生产出品质较高的产品。按照永兴茶区掌握的采摘期进行三种不同采摘方式比较,以双人采茶机采摘效果最佳,手采质量最差;单人采茶机与双人采茶机比较,双人采茶机采回原料的芽叶完整,破碎率低。永兴茶区的地势较平缓,推广应用双人采茶机较为合适。     

育苗期不同处理对尾叶桉U6无性系苗木质量及造林效果的影响

在云南的元江干热河谷,进行了尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗育苗期的施用不同剂量Pt菌剂及干旱胁迫处理,提高苗木质量及植苗造林效果的研究。结果表明,以每株苗木用Pt菌剂15g+干旱胁迫处理的效果最佳,干旱胁迫反应能力的提高和施用Pt菌剂的增效作用可以叠加。其有助于提高尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗出圃苗木的质量,使其植苗造林6个月时的造林成活率达93.33%。通过相关性分析,筛选出反映尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗木主要质量指标的因子是出圃苗木的主根长、苗高、地径、高径比和总生物量,并对尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗主要质量指标与其造林成活率的相关性进行了分析,建立了相关的回归方程。     

农业起源与中国早期文明的演进

农业是早期人类社会生产的主要部门,适当的农作物和特定的自然环境相结合,导致了文明的出现。位于黄河中游的中原地区是粟黍的发源地,全新世大暖期适宜的气候和黄河中下游地区优越的环境条件促成了这一区粟黍农业的形成,并在在中原地区孕育出中国最早的文明。     

Inter‐ and intra‐individual differences in serum copper and zinc concentrations after feeding different amounts of copper and zinc over two lactations

The influence of different copper and zinc contents in rations on blood serum concentrations was tested in a feeding trial at the Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI). A total of 60 German Holstein breed cows (38 first lactating and 22 second lactating cows) were tested. All animals received a diet based on maize‐ and grass silage ad libitum. The animals were divided into two groups with 30 cows each. Group A received concentrates supplemented with copper and zinc as recommended, whereas Group B was offered a concentrate with roughly double the amount of copper and zinc. Blood samples were taken several times during the lactation. The concentrations of copper and zinc in the serum were measured and correlations between trace element intake and their serum concentrations were calculated. The mean dry matter intake was significantly higher for cows in the second lactation (19.1 kg/day) than for cows in the first lactation (16.4 kg/day), whereas the DM‐intake was constant in the different feeding groups (17.3 and 17.4 kg/day). The correlation between feed intake in the first and the second lactation was r = 0.76. The copper concentration in the serum was not influenced by the different feedings (11.9 and 12.5 μmol/l), but high variations were found between the cows. The influence of the lactation number was not significant (12.1 and 12.4 μmol/l). In contrast to copper, the zinc concentration in the serum was significantly higher for Group B (14.0 μmol/l) than for Group A (12.2 μmol/l), respectively, for second lactating cows (13.8 μmol/l) in relation to 12.7 μmol/l for first lactating cows. The individual variation was also high as for copper. Neither the correlation between copper intake and copper serum concentration nor the correlation between zinc intake and zinc serum concentration was significant.     

甜菜碱对奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响

选用20头体重(597±11.8)kg、泌乳天数(88±4.5)d、日产奶(26.3±0.5)kg的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究甜菜碱(0、50、100和150g/d)对泌乳早期奶牛采食量、泌乳性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明:日粮添加甜菜碱对奶牛的采食量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和血糖浓度无显著影响,100g/d组和150g/d组鲜奶产量显著高于对照组和50g/d组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组4%乳脂校正乳、能量校正乳和乳脂产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100g/d组和150g/d组血浆游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。根据以上结果推断,甜菜碱的适宜添加水平为100g/d。     

2009年江西省主推早稻品种穗瘟抗性的评估

利用稻瘟病菌8个强致病力单孢菌株,测定了2009年江西省主推早稻品种离体穗颈节段对稻瘟病的抗性。结果表明,株两优02对穗瘟的抗性最好,平均病级为0.13,测定为抗病品种;株两优09、T优898、金优463与淦鑫203的平均病级分别为1.25、1.63、2.88和3.00,中抗稻瘟病;陆两优996、春光1号和金优71的平均病级分别为3.88、4.13、4.75,中感稻瘟病;先农37与金优458的平均病级分别为5.25、6.0,测定为感病品种;对照品种丽江新团黑谷发病最重,其病级为8.50,属于高感稻瘟病品种。上述结果的准确性需要在今后特别是2010年的农业生产中验证。