母牛一胎双犊技术的研究

选择9头母牛先行人工授精、7天后再移植冷冻胚胎以生产双犊。试验结果表明,母牛产双犊达44.44%(P<0.01)。提示:采用A(I人工授精)+ET(胚胎移植)是提高母牛双犊率的有效技术措施之一。     

近50年来四川省潜在蒸散量变化成因研究

利用FAO-56 Penman-Monteith法计算四川省4个分区1960—2010年逐月的潜在蒸散量（ET₀）,采用贡献率法分析ET₀近50 a来变化成因。结果表明:整个四川省、四川盆地和盆周山地日照时数和风速下降对ET₀的负贡献超过平均、最高和最低气温上升以及相对湿度下降对ET₀的正贡献,使ET₀呈下降趋势;川西北高原平均、最高和最低气温上升以及相对湿度下降对ET₀的正贡献超过风速和日照时数下降对ET₀的负贡献,使ET₀呈上升趋势;川西南山地平均、最低气温、日照时数和风速的下降对ET₀的负贡献超过了最高气温上升和相对湿度下降对ET₀的正贡献,使ET₀呈下降趋势。四川省和四川盆地日照时数下降是ET₀下降的主要原因,盆周山地和川西南山地风速下降是ET₀下降的主要原因,川西北高原最低温度上升是ET₀上升的主要原因。     

MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs基因缺失BAC克隆株的构建及其体外增殖特性

为构建缺失马立克氏病病毒(Mareks disease virus,MDV)Meq基因簇microRNAs(Meq-clustered miRNAs的突变株,本研究在vv MDV GX0101细菌人工染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC)克隆的基础上,采用Red/ET同源重组技术将Meq-clustered miRNAs的编码基因进行缺失突变,经PCR鉴定及序列分析证明Meq-cluster miRNAs序列成功缺失后,提取Δmeq-miRNAs BAC DNA,转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)进行病毒拯救,用SYBR GreenⅠqRT-PCR检测病毒体外增殖特性。结果表明成功拯救出缺失MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs基因的感染性BAC克隆株GX0101Δmeq-miRNAs,且该缺失株与亲本株GX0101BAC具有相似的增殖曲线,Meq-clustered miRNAs是MDV体外复制的非必需基因。MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs基因缺失感染性BAC克隆株的成功构建为进一步研究MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs在MDV致病和致肿瘤方面的作用奠定了基础。     

基于支持向量机优化粒子群算法的作物生育期ET_0预测

ET0是计算作物需水量、进行农田灌溉管理及区域水资源优化配置的重要依据。为了提高ET0的预测精度,将粒子群(particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法引入到ET0预测中,并用支持向量回归机(support vector machine,SVM)优化参数。PSO-SVM将最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、平均风速与日照时数输入到SVM中学习,将SVM参数作为PSO中的粒子,把ET0值作为PSO的目标函数,然后通过粒子之间相互协作得到SVM最优参数,对ET0进行预测,并采用PM模型计算值验证。该文以新疆喀什地区为例,通过采用粒子群耦合支持向量机(PSO-SVM)算法训练得到模型,并用10组数据进行预测;最后引用BP神经网络算法和PSO-SVM算法进行了对比,其结果表明,PSO-SVM算法预测准确率较高,预测值与实测值间相关系数达0.682,平均相对误差为3.19%。     

辽细辛挥发油气相色谱指纹图谱研究

[目的]对来源于辽宁不同产地辽细辛挥发油的中药指纹图谱进行比较分析,建立辽细辛挥发油的指纹图谱测定方法,为辽细辛药用资源的开发评价和内在质量的控制提供参考依据。[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取辽细辛挥发油,选择适宜的升温程序,应用气相色谱法对来源于辽宁不同产地辽细辛挥发油的中药指纹图谱进行比较分析。[结果]标示出辽细辛挥发油图谱中10个共有峰,所建立的10批辽细辛挥发油指纹图谱具有良好的相似性,其稳定性、精密度和重复性均符合要求。[结论]该方法可靠,可操作性强,可用于辽细辛药用资源的开发评价和辽细辛内在质量的控制。     

不同消解方法对原子吸收光谱法测定三七中重金属铜的影响

[目的]研究不同消解方法对原子吸收光谱法测定三七中重金属铜的影响。[方法]以云南文山三七为材料,分析研究了干法灰化、湿法消解前处理样品对原子吸收光谱法测定三七中重金属铜含量的影响。[结果]干法灰化的最佳条件为灰化温度600℃、灰化时间4 h;在此条件下,测定出三七中铜含量为3.221μg/g。常压下湿法消解的最佳消解体系为HNO3-HClO4-H2O2;在此条件下,测定出三七中铜含量为3.721μg/g。[结论]原子吸收光谱法简单准确、快捷,可用于三七中重金属铜的含量测定。云南文山三七粉中重金属铜含量符合国家《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》。     

漳卫河平原农业水资源高效利用的模拟研究Ⅰ.参数率定和模拟验证

为了优化漳卫河平原地区的农田灌溉制度,本研究以SWAT（Soiland Water Assessment Tool）为工具,首先运用洗牌复形演化（SCEUA）算法在位于该平原及其比邻地区的2个典型试验站率定冬小麦和夏玉米的作物参数,再以遥感监测的蒸散数据为目标,应用拉丁超立方一单次单因素（LHOAT）方法对SWAT中的相关参数进行敏感性分析,选出了对实际蒸散最敏感的参数,并用序贯不确定性（SUFI-2）算法优化参数进行不确定性分析。在此基础上,对冬小麦一夏玉米轮作体系产量的长期模拟结果进行验证。这些参数率定和模拟验证结果为进一步深入研究该地区水分生产函数和优化灌溉制度奠定了基础。     

Integrating remote sensing, census and weather data for an assessment of rice yield, water consumption and water productivity in the Indo-Gangetic river basin

Crop consumptive water use and productivity are key elements to understand basin water management performance. This article presents a simplified approach to map rice (Oryza sativa L.) water consumption, yield, and water productivity (WP) in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) by combining remotely sensed imagery, national census and meteorological data. The statistical rice cropped area and production data were synthesized to calculate district-level land productivity, which is then further extrapolated to pixel-level values using MODIS NDVI product based on a crop dominance map. The water consumption by actual evapotranspiration is estimated with Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model taking meteorological data and MODIS land surface temperature products as inputs. WP maps are then generated by dividing the rice productivity map with the seasonal actual evapotranspiration (ET) map. The average rice yields for Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh in the basin are 2.60, 2.53, 3.54 and 2.75 tons/ha, respectively. The average rice ET is 416 mm, accounting for only 68.2% of potential ET. The average WP of rice is 0.74 kg/m³. The WP generally varies with the trends of yield variation. A comparative analysis of ET, yield, rainfall and WP maps indicates greater scope for improvement of the downstream areas of the Ganges basin. The method proposed is simple, with satisfactory accuracy, and can be easily applied elsewhere.     

Jasmonic acid and abscisic acid play important roles in host–pathogen interaction between Fusarium graminearum and wheat during the early stages of fusarium head blight

The effect of phytohormones on the defense response of wheat against Fusarium graminearum infection was investigated. Infection of heads with F. graminearum induced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous phytohormone treatments showed crosstalk between them and a complex effect on expression of the genes ATB2, ExpB6, LEA Td16, PR1, Pdf1.2, PR4. JA treatment reduced F. graminearum growth and fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms while an increase in FHB was observed with ABA. Transient down-regulation of allene oxide synthase (AOS) supports a complex role for JA in wheat head.     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.