转EPSPS基因大豆植株中蛋白的表达

采用ELISA定量测定法研究了转EPSPs基因大豆不同生长时期不同器官中CP4 EPSPS蛋白含量的变化.结果表明:转EPSPS基因大豆不同器官在不同牛育期CP4 EPSPS蛋白含量表现出较大的差异,R8期籽粒中的CP4EPSPS蛋白含量在所有时期和所有组织中蛋门含世最高;上位叶和下位叶中CP4 EPSPS蛋白除V3～V5期和R8期外的表达趋势一致,茎上部和茎下部中CP4 EPSPS蛋白在不同时期表达动态趋势基本一致,根中CP4 EPSPS蛋白含量存V3～V5期下降,然后逐渐升高,R1～R8期有一个大幅度的下降过程.从V1期至R8期,随着植株的不断生长,各组织中CP4 EPSPS蛋白的含量有明显的变化.     

抗草甘膦基因(EPSPS)植物双价表达载体的构建

针对目前报道的抗草甘膦转基因作物中,强组成型启动子驱动抗草甘膦基因在转基因植物的所有部位和所有发育阶段都表达,增加植株代谢负担,对植物的产量可能引起负效应的这一问题,利用Ag2这种草甘膦胁迫诱导启动子来驱动epsps基因,只在草甘膦喷施后高效表达对草甘膦的抗性.另外,同时利用具有组织特异性的启动子RuBP,使epsps基因在植物草甘膦农药田间喷施主要部位叶片中高效表达,应可以进一步增强转基因植物的抗草甘膦能力,但又不致过多地增加转基因植物的代谢负担,以利培育高抗草甘膦且农艺性状优良的转基因植物.实验分别以pBI121-E-M-Bt(Kanar)和pBI121-CP4E(Kanar)质粒为基础,通过载体pUC19及对EcoRⅠ位点的接头改造,构建了由RuBP启动子和新发现的诱导型启动子Ag2共同调控epsps基因的植物表达载体pGBI-Ag2EM-RuBPEM和pGBI-Ag2CP4E-RuBPCP4E,选择标记为卡那霉素,通过冻融法将重组质粒导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404,并通过农杆菌介导的浸花法转化拟南芥,获得了T0代种子,为利用epsps基因改良植物对草甘膦的抗性奠定了物质基础.     

Conyza sumatrensis: A new weed species resistant to glyphosate in the Americas

Recent reports of weed‐control failures after the use of glyphosate led to suspicion about the selection of resistant biotypes of Conyza at locations in west and north Paraná, Brazil. Plants were collected, identified as Conyza sumatrensis and subsequently evaluated for possible resistance to glyphosate in four stages of weed development. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse by combining biotypes, stages of development and a range of glyphosate doses. All the suspected biotypes were collected from locations in Cascavel, Toledo, Assis Chateaubriand, Tupãssi and Campo Mourão with a history of glyphosate use in burndown and in glyphosate‐resistant soybean for at least the four previous years and were compared to a susceptible biotype (São Jorge do Ivaí) with no previous history of herbicide use. The doses of glyphosate ranged from 0 to 5760 g ae ha^?1. The biotypes were considered as resistant if two combined criteria were present (resistance factor > 1 and the rate required to achieve 80% control is >720 g ha^?1). The results provided evidence that there is a marked difference in the level of control of older plants and also confirmed the presence of some resistant biotypes. For applications at the first stage of development, two biotypes that were resistant to glyphosate were identified (Cascavel‐1 and Tupãssi‐6). For applications in the second stage of development, beyond the biotypes that were found in the first stage, three other biotypes were considered as resistant: Toledo‐5, Assis Chateaubriand‐7 and Floresta‐10. However, for applications at the third and fourth stages, all the biotypes were considered as resistant.     

Investigating the mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in goosegrass(Eleusine indica) population from South China

Glyphosate has been used worldwide for nearly 40 years,and 30 types of resistant weeds have been reported.Glyphosate is mass-produced and widely used in China,but few studies and reports on glyphosate-resistant weeds and resistance mechanisms exist.Previous studies found a goosegrass species with high glyphosate resistance from orchards in South China and its glyphosate resistant mechanism was described in this study.The cDNAof 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase(EPSPS,EC 2.5.1.19),the target enzyme of glyphosate,was cloned from the glyphosate-resistant and-susceptible goosegrass,respectively,and referred as EPSPS-R and EPSPS-S.The Pro106 residue was known to be involved in the glyphosate resistance in most goosegrass populations.However,sequence analysis did not find the mutation at the Pro106 residue in the R biotype EPSPS amino acid sequence.The residue 133 and 382 was mutated in the R biotype EPSPS amino acid sequence instead,but it did not affect the EPSPS-S and EPSPS-R genes sensitivities to glyphosate.RT-PCR and Western blot analyses suggested that EPSPS mRNA and protein are mainly present in the shoot tissues both in the R and S goosegrass biotypes.The EPSPS-R rapidly responds to the glyphosate in R-biotype goosegrass and the induced expression was detected at 12 h post glyphosate treatment.The mRNA and protein expression of EPSPS-R increased constantly as the increasing concentration of glyphosate.However,the expression of the EPSPS-S was not induced significantly by glyphosate in the S goosegrass biotype.Quantification of real-time PCR results showed that the copy number of the EPSPS in R-biotype goosegrass was 4.7 times higher than that in the S goosegrass biotype.All the results implied that EPSPS gene amplification might mainly caused the glyphosate resistance of a goosegrass population collected from orchards in South China.     

Accumulation of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> in xylem fluids of cucumber stems during ASM-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) involves increased LOX activity and transient accumulation of shikimic acid

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to Colletotrichum orbiculare was induced in young cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants within 3 h of ASM (acibenzolar-S-methyl) application onto the first leaves. A potent signal associated with significant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in xylem fluids from severed stems appeared to be rapidly translocated from elicited lower leaves within 3 h and 6 h after treatment. Some metabolites of the shikimate, phenylpropanoid and lignin biosynthetic pathways were quantified and significant increases in the levels of shikimic acid were observed in ASM-treated plants challenge-inoculated with the anthracnose fungus. Furthermore, the expression of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (EPSPS) was 1.5 times higher within 12 h after ASM treatment in challenge-inoculated plants than in the untreated control. The involvement of lipoxygenase activity, shikimic acid and others such as caffeic acid in the induction of SAR is discussed.     

田旋花EPSPS基因表达特征及草甘膦对其表达的影响

采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定了田旋花不同组织、不同叶龄的EPSPS基因mRNA的相对表达量以及草甘膦对EPSPS基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明:田旋花EPSPS基因在不同组织表达量差异显著,在叶的表达量高于茎和根;该基因在9叶期的表达量最高,是3叶期的1.5倍;在草甘膦处理后,田旋花EPSPS基因的表达量先升高后降低,在处理后24h达最大值。随草甘膦剂量增加,该基因的表达量升高。研究结果可为深入解析田旋花对草甘膦耐药性机理提供参考。     

EPSPS外源基因对陆地棉农艺性状和纤维品质的影响

以G6-1至G6-19等19个转基因抗草甘膦除草剂棉花种质为材料,以其非转基因背景亲本中棉所49为对照,研究EPSPS外源基因导入对陆地棉农艺性状和纤维品质的影响,结果表明外源基因的导入对棉花纤维上半部平均长度、马克隆值、断裂伸长率和断裂比强度等品质性状有显著影响;对于棉花衣分和铃重等农艺性状亦有显著的影响,衣分变异范围为30.5%~42.7%,T1和T2相关性分析表明衣分的变异为可遗传性变异,铃重最高为6.5 g,最低为4.6 g,两者相差40%。因此,转基因棉花育种研究不仅要注重目标性状的转育,还要注重非目标性状的筛选。