鸡传染性法氏囊病继发大肠杆菌感染的诊断研究

笔者饲养的200多只蛋鸡用种公鸡于50日龄左右突然发病，主要症状为食欲剧减甚至废绝，羽毛逆立，缩颈嗜眠。倒提时口内流出大量黏液状液体，排恶臭白色或微黄带泡沫稀粪，呈水样。发病率达80％，死亡率达32％。剖检可见部分鸡胸肌和腿肌出血，法氏囊水肿出血，个别鸡法氏囊内有黄色较硬的球状分泌物，有的鸡有心包炎和肝周炎，肠道、脾脏和肾脏有出血点。综合以上症状和实验室病毒学和细菌学检测，确诊为传染性法氏囊病继发大肠杆菌感染。     

GDF9和FST调控猪卵母细胞成熟和胚胎早期发育

为探讨生长分化因子9(Growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)和卵泡抑素(Follistatin,FST)如何影响猪卵母细胞成熟及胚胎早期发育能力,在猪卵母细胞体外成熟(IVM)培养过程中添加不同浓度的GDF9和抗GDF9抗体,或同时添加GDF9和FST或抗FST抗体,测定猪卵母细胞的细胞核成熟率、卵裂率、囊胚率及囊胚总细胞数。结果显示,添加GDF9显著提高孤雌胚囊胚率,抗GDF9抗体则显著抑制卵裂率和囊胚率。添加FST显著降低孤雌胚囊胚率和囊胚总细胞数,添加抗FST抗体显著提高了囊胚率。共同添加GDF9与抗FST抗体则使囊胚率达到最高。表明猪卵母细胞IVM期添加GDF9能一定程度上提高卵母细胞及胚胎的发育能力,共同添加GDF9和抗FST抗体对胚胎发育的促进作用具有加性效应。     

四缸直列汽油机曲轴设计系统

本系统以Pro／E软件和曲轴零件的设计要求及设计计算理论为依托,以VC＋＋6.0编程软件为工具．以Pro／E二次开发接口应用程序Pro／TOOLKIT为手段,采用动态链接库DLL方式实现了Pro／E、Pro／TOOLKIT和MFC三者之间的通信。而且,曲轴零件的全参数化设计与开放数据库ODBC相连接,实现了资料检索和数据管理的系统化。并且以CA488为例对设计系统进行了详细说明。     

牙龈卟啉菌菌毛基因在转基因番茄果实中的特异表达及小鼠免疫实验

将编码牙龈卟啉菌菌毛蛋白（Fimbrillin,FimA）（第266-337Aa）与霍乱毒素B亚基（CTB）基因用农杆菌侵染法转入番茄植株,并利用番茄果实特异启动子E8使其在果实中实现特异表达,然后用特异表达的转基因番茄果实对实验小鼠进行口服免疫实验,研究转基因番茄果实的免疫原性。实验结果表明：获得的11株转化植株中,共有9株重组了CTB-FimA基因的植株在番茄果实中实现了特异表达;口服转基因番茄果实的免疫小鼠的血清中检测到抗FimA抗体;获得了以CTB为佐剂的在番茄果实中特异表达牙龈卟啉菌菌毛基因的植物口服疫苗候选植株。     

鸵鸟主要性激素分泌规律的研究

本研究旨在观察鸵鸟一年中激素分泌规律与发情行为的相关性,为采精和输精掌握最准确的时间,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定样品中促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌激素(E2)和睾酮(T)的浓度水平。结果表明:①雌鸵鸟血浆内FSH水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化,从11月开始上升,12、2、7月中出现3个明显的分泌波峰,峰值分别为114.354、130.168和144.375 mIU/mL,6月中旬达到全年中最低22.312 mIU/mL;②E2水平在1~5月都呈缓慢上升趋势,在7月突然下降到最低(18.874 pg/mL),9月达全年最高峰(367.285 pg/mL);③雄鸵鸟血浆睾酮(T)浓度从1~6月一直呈上升趋势,6月达到较高水平(121.473 ng/dL),8月达到全年中最低(77.166 pg/dL),到10月中旬达到全年最高(138.562 ng/dL);鸵鸟血浆内FSH、E2及T的浓度水平在一年之中呈现波动式变化与发情表现趋于一致。     

日粮维生素E水平对山羊精液品质的影响

采用4×4拉丁方设计,给金堂黑山羊饲喂维生素E浓度不同(常量:30 mg/kg维生素E,10,50,100倍常量的添加量)而其他营养成分均一致的4种日粮,探索日粮中添加维生素E对山羊精液品质的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加维生素E有助于提高山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率,改善其精液品质(P<0.05);随着日粮中维生素E浓度的增加,山羊采精量、精子密度和鲜精活率也随之改善,添加量为常量的50倍(1500 mg/kg)时,精子密度和鲜精活率最佳(P<0.01)。当添加量超过常量50倍时(100),精子密度和鲜精活率有所降低,但与添加量为50倍的试验组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

Characterizing the Role of Animal Exposures in Cryptosporidiosis and Shiga Toxin‐producing Escherichia coli Infections: South Dakota, 2012

Cryptosporidium spp. and Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains (STEC) are important causes of human illness. Incidence rates of these illnesses are high in South Dakota compared to the USA as a whole. Direct animal contact has been identified as a possible route of exposure for these illnesses. Ruminant animals may carry STEC subclinically, while young ruminants are common sources of zoonotic strains of Cryptosporidium. South Dakota patients with either STEC or cryptosporidiosis during 2012 were interviewed regarding seven categories of animal exposure: (i) petting zoo/fair attendance, (ii) animal event/rodeo attendance, (iii) feed/pet store visits, (iv) farm visits, (v) employment or residence at a farm, (vi) residence with pets and (vii) visiting other households with pets. Of the 50 STEC cases, 78.0% reported animal exposure prior to illness onset, with 23.3% having lived or worked on a farm. Farm visitors in particular had high degrees of animal contact and infrequently practiced personal protective measures. Of the 115 cryptosporidiosis cases, 87.8% reported animal exposures, with 45.6% having lived or worked on a farm and 29.0% having visited a farm prior to illness. Cases with farm exposures reported a high degree of direct animal contact and inconsistent use of personal protective measures. Cryptosporidiosis patients were significantly more likely than STEC patients to have lived or worked on a farm prior to their illness and were older on average. Patients with these illnesses had high rates of animal contact prior to illness. Animal contact on farms emerged as an important exposure route. Educational messages about personal protective measures should be directed at these individuals.     

Factors influencing the quality of half‐pearls (mabé) produced by the winged pearl oyster,Pteria penguin (Röding, 1758)

The winged pearl oyster, Pteria penguin, is cultured primarily to produce half‐pearls (mabé). The mabé quality is influenced by culture techniques, but there is limited information in this field. P. penguin with mean (±SE) dorso‐ventral height of 250 ± 6.5 mm were used to investigate the influence of culture period and nucleus position on mabé quality. Oysters were relaxed using 1‐propylene phenoxetol, and five nuclei were glued at different positions to the inner surfaces of the oyster shells; three on the more concave left valve and two on the right valve. Nucleated oysters were then cultured for 10 months under commercial pearl farming conditions at Savusavu in Fiji. Nacre deposited at the base and top of the nuclei was measured monthly, from the 6th to the 10th months of culture and the different qualities of mabé produced at different positions were scrutinized. Nacre thicknesses at the base and top of the resulting mabé were significantly different at different months (P < 0.05) and the rate of nacre deposition was highest during the warmer months. The different positions of nuclei on the valve greatly affected the quality of mabé formed. After a 10‐month culture period, around 1 mm of nacre covered the nuclei although the best quality mabé were obtained after 9 months.