试验性抗菌药对仔猪水肿病治疗效果

保定市某猪场暴发疫病,经病理剖检、病原分离、生化试验、毒力试验等诊断方法获知此次疫情为致病性埃希氏大肠杆菌引起的猪水肿病。药敏实验表明,细菌分离物对青霉素、链霉素等常用抗生素有耐药性,对氟苯尼考、卡那霉素、环丙沙星等药物极敏。感染猪选用氟苯尼考治疗后康复。     

The effect of vitamin E on the serum complement activity of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Rainbow trout were fed three experimental diets with varying levels of vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) supplementation (0, 100 and 1000 mg kg^?1 diet), and the effects of feeding these diets on serum spontaneous haemolytic activity and classical complement activity were investigated. Hepatic α‐tocopherol levels reflected the dietary intake of the vitamin. Fish fed the diet deficient in vitamin E showed reduced growth and increased mortality. Their hepatosomatic index and erythrocyte fragility was significantly higher than both the supplemented groups and haematocrit, and complement activity were all significantly lower. There appeared to be some enhancement of serum complement activity correlated with increased dietary supplementation with vitamin E but the benefits of supplementation at levels above those currently recommended were not established.     

大肠杆菌Nissle 1917鞭毛蛋白部分高变区功能初步研究

初步研究大肠杆菌Nissle 1917（E. coli Nissle 1917,EcN）鞭毛蛋白（Flagellin, FliC）高变区的功能,为探讨其作为表面展示系统的可行性打下基础。以EcN无质粒克隆（EcN was cured of its 2 cryptic plasmids pMUT1 and pMUT2 resulting in EcNc）为实验菌株,分别构建2个鞭毛蛋白基因（fliC）高变区859-888位、829-858位的缺失突变株和回补菌株。分析突变区域对EcNc的生长性能、生化特性、运动性及抗原性等方面的影响。结果显示：EcNc、两个缺失株和回补株的生长特性无明显差异,且三者生化试验结果一致。缺失突变株在半固体培养基上不能运动,而回补株均恢复了原运动性;缺失突变株均不与H1单因子血清发生凝集,而互补菌株均能产生与EcNc一致的凝集反应。表明高变区的这两个区域尽管不影响菌株的生长性能和生化特性,但与EcN的运动性及抗原性密切相关。这为进一步探索EcN鞭毛展示技术的研究提供了一定的数据。     

肌肽与维生素E对育肥猪肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究肌肽与维生素E单独及联合使用对育肥猪肉品质和抗氧化性能的影响。试验采用2因素2×3析因设计,设3个肌肽水平(0、50、100 mg/kg),2个维生素E水平(0、200 mg/kg),选择90头体重约为70 kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥猪,按体重相近、性别比例相同原则,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头猪。预试期为7 d,试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加肌肽能显著提高屠宰后45 min肌肉的p H和降低贮存48 h肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.05),极显著提高屠宰24 h后肌肉的p H和降低贮存24 h肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.01);维生素E能极显著降低贮存24和48 h肌肉的滴水损失(P<0.01),二者均能显著改善肉色(P<0.05)。肌肽与维生素E在改善肉色和降低贮存24 h肌肉的滴水损失上存在互作效应(P<0.05),且联合添加优于单独添加。2)饲粮中添加肌肽可显著提高育肥猪血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P<0.05),极显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.01),维生素E可极显著提高育肥猪血清T-AOC及T-SOD和GSH-Px活性(P<0.01)。在提高血清的T-AOC和GSH-Px活性上,二者存在显著互作效应(P<0.05),且联合添加优于单独添加。3)肌肽可显著降低贮存24 h背最长肌的丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),极显著降低贮存48、72和96 h背最长肌的MDA含量(P<0.01);维生素E可极显著降低贮存24、48、72和96 h背最长肌的MDA含量(P<0.01),且肌肽与维生素E对贮存48 h背最长肌的MDA含量存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加100 mg/kg的肌肽、200 mg/kg的维生素E为最优组合。     

中药“救必应”水提取物对产ESBLs大肠杆菌耐药性的影响

“救必应”为冬青科植物铁冬青的树皮或根皮水浸出物制备,具有广谱的抗菌作用.为研究中药“救必应”对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,本研究将产ESBLs的E.coli在亚抑菌浓度的中药“救必应”中传代,采用微量稀释法测定抗生素对产ESBLs的E.coli最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并通过透射电镜观察中药作用后细菌形态学变化.结果显示,中药“救必应”可以显著降低产ESBLs的E.coli对阿莫西林、加替沙星、诺氟沙星、盐酸左旋氧氟沙星、乙酰甲喹、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、克林沙星、氟苯尼考的MIC值,并且MIC均降低4倍;此外,中药作用后可以引起细菌细胞壁的皱裂、干瘪、折叠、缩短等形态变化.     

Development of a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle

A multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mLAMP) assay was developed for simultaneous detection of the stx1 and stx2 genes and applied for detection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle farm samples. Two target genes were distinguished based on T_m values of 85.03 ± 0.54℃ for stx1 and 87.47 ± 0.35℃ for stx2. The mLAMP assay was specific (100% inclusivity and exclusivity), sensitive (with a detection limit as low as 10 fg/µL), and quantifiable (R² = 0.9313). The efficacy and sensitivity were measured to evaluate applicability of the mLAMP assay to cattle farm samples. A total of 12 (12/253; 4.7%) and 17 (17/253; 6.7%) STEC O157, and 11 (11/236; 4.7%) non-O157 STEC strains were isolated from cattle farm samples by conventional selective culture, immunomagnetic separation, and PCR-based culture methods, respectively. The coinciding multiplex PCR and mLAMP results for the types of shiga toxin revealed the value of the mLAMP assay in terms of accuracy and rapidity for characterizing shiga toxin genes. Furthermore, the high detection rate of specific genes from enrichment broth samples indicates the potential utility of this assay as a screening method for detecting STEC in cattle farm samples.     

大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离及生物学特性研究简

试验从鸡场周围环境中采集土样,在伊红美蓝培养基平板上分离纯化大肠杆菌,然后以其为宿主,分离相应的噬菌体,并研究其生物学特性。结果表明,共分离到大肠杆菌4株,经16S rDNA鉴定为埃希氏大肠杆菌。其中,以大肠杆菌LY4为宿主分离纯化到1株烈性噬菌体,负染经电镜观察该噬菌体由多面体头部及尾部组成,噬菌斑直径为2.5～3.8 mm,效价2.0×10¹⁰ PFU/mL,最佳感染复数为0.0001;在温度－20～37 ℃、pH 5.0～10.0范围内该噬菌体表现出良好的稳定性,但在人工胃液（pH 1.2）条件下,即可导致死亡;测定其一步生长曲线,该噬菌体潜伏期为20 min,裂解能力强,以上特性表明该噬菌体在鸡舍环境治理中具有潜在的应用价值。     

新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析简

本试验旨在调查新疆石河子地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌的某些生物学特性及其耐药状况,以提高药物疗效,减少牛奶中药物的残留。试验从新疆石河子地区患乳房炎奶牛的乳样中分离纯化并鉴定出21株大肠杆菌,并对大肠杆菌分离株进行抗菌药物敏感性分析。结果表明,21株大肠杆菌对21种抗菌药物中的6种药物耐药率超过50%,其中最多的耐药15种,最少的耐药5种,耐药6及6种以上的菌株共占到76.19%。提示,该地区奶牛乳房炎源大肠杆菌对多种药物已产生了不同程度的耐药性,且存在严重的多重耐药情况。     

Escherichia coli challenge and one type of smectite alter intestinal barrier of pigs

An experiment was conducted to determine how an E. coil challenge and dietary clays affect the intestinal barrier of pigs. Two groups of 32 pigs （initial BW： 6.9 ± 1.0 kg） were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of a randomized complete block design （2 challenge treatments： sham or E. coil, and 4 dietary treatments： control, 0.3% smectite A, 0.3% smectite B and 0.3% zeolite）, with 8 replicates total. Diarrhea score, growth performance, goblet cell size and number, bacterial translocation from intestinal lumen to lymph nodes, intestinal morphology, and relative amounts of sulfo and sialo mucins were measured. The E. coli challenge reduced performance, increased goblet cell size and number in the ileum, increased bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to the lymph nodes, and increased ileal crypt depth. One of the clays （smectite A） tended to increase goblet cell size in ileum, which may indicate enhanced protection. In conclusion, E. coli infection degrades intestinal barrier integrity but smectite A may enhance it.     

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars in Switzerland

Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. Studies from Switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) of 2.6–21%, a range lower than in adjacent European countries. The aim of this study was to determine whether HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in Switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. Serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2006 and 2011 and from 303 wild boars from 2008 to 2012 were analysed by ELISA for the presence of HEV‐specific antibodies. Overall HEV seroprevalence was 58.1% in domestic pigs and 12.5% in wild boars. Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in 2006 than in 2011. In conclusion, HEV seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars in Switzerland is comparable with the seroprevalence in other countries and not increasing. Therefore, prevalence of HEV in humans must be related to other factors than prevalence in pigs or wild boars.