猪瘟病毒DNA疫苗的构建及动物免疫试验

利用DNA重组技术将猪瘟病毒（CSFV） C株E2囊膜蛋白全长基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA4.0的CMV启动子下游,采用磷酸钙转染法将重组质粒转入293T细胞,流式细胞仪(FACS)检测293T细胞瞬时表达了E2囊膜蛋白。将构建的重组质粒肌肉注射BALB/c小鼠,用流式细胞仪和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测证明成功诱导小鼠产生了抗E2蛋白的抗体,为下一步利用DNA疫苗免疫小鼠研制抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体打下基础。     

拟南芥U-box蛋白的研究进展

泛素-26s蛋白酶体途径（ubiquitin-26s proteosome pathway,UPP）是真核生物体内一种高度选择性的蛋白降解途径。U—box蛋白是该途径中决定底物特异性的一种泛素连接酶E3。U—box结构域大约由70个氨基酸残基构成,在酵母、植物和动物等真核生物中高度保守。植物U-box蛋白（plant U—box protein,PUB）的数目远多于其他生物,在植物的生长发育过程中起着重要作用。目前在拟南芥中已发现60多个PUB蛋白（Arabidopsis plant U-box protein,AtPUB）,成为近年来受到较多关注的一类蛋白。本文根据蛋白的结构特征和系统进化树比较,将61种AtPUB蛋白分为7大类。同时,对已报道AtPUB蛋白的功能进行了综述并提出了研究展望。     

长春地区鹿源性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性分析

调查吉林省长春市周边地区（榆树、农安、九台、双阳和德惠）腹泻梅花鹿源大肠杆菌的血清型分布和耐药性。对梅花鹿源大肠杆菌进行分离、培养和生化反应鉴定;并对所得菌株进行玻片凝集法确定血清型;用平板扩散法或肉汤微量稀释法测定其对15种抗菌药物的敏感性;利用PCR方法检测9种耐药基因。共得到127株大肠杆菌,84株大肠杆菌属于36种不同的血清型,其中47株属于11种血清型,即O2,O7,O9,O21,O26,O87,O126,O128,O138,O142和O154;所得菌株对15种抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药性;耐药基因strB、strA、aadA、tetA和sul2在被检菌株中最为流行。菌株对磺胺类和四环素耐药性最严重, 而且大多数菌株呈多重耐药性;对阿莫西林、卡那霉素较为敏感。对临床用药有指导意义。     

The transition time from the juvenile phase to the adult phase differs in soybean cultivars ‘Enrei’ and ‘Peking’

Plants develop juvenile phase to adult phase in vegetative stage. Although soybean is a very important crop worldwide, there has been only one study of the juvenile–adult phase change. In this study, we determined that the juvenile–adult phase change occurred at different stages in two soybean cultivars that differ in their photosensitivity. Cultivar ‘Enrei’ (E1e2e3E4) is weakly photosensitive and cultivar ‘Peking’ (E1E2E3E4) is strongly photosensitive. In ‘Enrei’, the leaf size gradually increased at a constant leaf position regardless of the difference in day length. In ‘Peking’ plants transferred to short‐day conditions at several leaf development stages, leaf size gradually increased at different leaf positions. Expression of miR156 by ‘Enrei’ transferred to short‐day conditions had nearly the same pattern as that of ‘Enrei’ grown under long‐day conditions. In ‘Peking’, the expression of miR156 had different patterns in younger leaves of plants subjected to either a short‐day treatment or long‐day conditions. These results indicate that the E2 and E3 loci that regulate photosensitivity also regulate the expression of miR156 and the juvenile–adult phase change in soybean.     

鸡源性大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因型分布

摘要: 检测鸡大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的基因型并了解辽宁省鸡源性大肠杆菌产ESBLs基因型分布。对大连4个地区不同鸡场临床分离32株产ESBLs鸡大肠杆菌分别用TEM、OXA、CTX-M和SHV等4种通用引物进行PCR扩增确定其基因型。结果显示32株鸡大肠杆菌均检出TEM型基因、12株检出CTX-M型基因、2株检出OXA型、未检出SHV型;TEM+CTX-M双阳性检出11株、TEM+OXA双阳性检出2株。TEM基因亚型占检出比例最高（100％）。结论：目前辽宁省产ESBLs鸡大肠杆菌基因亚型以TEM为主,其次为CTX-M型,未发现SHV型;以TEM+CTX-M双阳性检出率最高（34.4％）。     

Development of HRB500E seismic grade rebars by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process

In order to reduce the production cost of HRB500E seismic grade rebars, promote its production and application, HRB500E seismic grade rebars are developed by using VN microalloyed and controlled cooling process in domestic steel plant. The mechanism and effect of precipitation strengthening and fine-grain strengthening, the relationship between termination temperature after controlled cooling and mechanical properties of rebars, microstructure, welding and aging properties, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties for rebars are researched by using metallographic microscopy, scaning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction apparatus, flash-butt welding, materials testing machine and mechanical properties testing. The results show that V(C,N) precipitation amount accounts for 66.67% of the total amount of vanadium by adding VN alloy in liquid steel, effect of microalloy precipitation strengthening is remarkable; when termination temperature after controlled cooling is controlled at 680～710 ℃, the amount of strength surplus for rebars is more than 25 MPa, R m/ R eL ratio is greater than 1.26, uniform elongation ( A gt) is more than or equal to 11.5%, good effect of fine grain strengthening and seismic performance are obtained; rebars have some good features such as low strain aging, good welding performance, high-strain and low-cycle fatigue properties; compared with VN microalloyed and hot-rolled process,the production cost is reduced by RMB 82 Yuan/t, and economic benefit is obvious.     

Plant growth regulator and its interactions with environment and genotype affect maize optimal plant density and yield

Increasing planting density is important to raise maize yield, however, high density often leads to an increase risk of lodging due to dense canopy and weak stem. Maize yield and optimal plant density are increased by applying plant growth regulator compound of ethephon and DA-6, however, we do not know if this compound would interact with location and genotype. In this study, a novel plant growth regulator, as the synthesis of N, N- diethyl − 2 − hexanoyl oxygen radicals − ethyl amine (2-ethyl chloride) phosphonic acid salt (DHEAP), combining the effects of ethephon and DA-6 in one chemical, was developed and tested at three locations, five plant densities (6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants m⁻²) and three cultivars in 2014–2015. This study aimed to quantify the interactions between environment, genotype and management (Appling DHEAP and plant density) on lodging-related optimal plant density and yield. DHEAP significantly increased grain yield by 10.7% due to the increases of kernel weight by 3.2% and kernel number per ear by 4.4%. On average across genotypes and environments, applying DHEAP increased optimum plant density by 6%. The optimal plant density interacted with cultivar, DHEAP and environment. Applying DHEAP reduced lodging percentage by lowering ear height. The yield-lodging relationship was affected by genotype and location. We concluded that maize yield could be enhanced by optimizing plant density, applying DHEAP and cultivar selection, but climatic and environmental differences of locations should be considered.     

Carbon inventory methods and carbon mitigation potentials of forests in Europe: a short review of recent progress

The role of European forests and forest management in the carbon balance has received much attention in research recently. This was particularly motivated by the recognition of forest management as one possible measure countries may adopt in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce the concentration of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. The main method to assess carbon budget in forests is based on traditional forest inventories. This method requires the conversion of measured stem volume to carbon pools. This conversion has been identified as a large source of uncertainty in past assessments. Over the last 5 years, intensive research efforts have resulted in significant advances in the reliability of forest inventory based carbon budgets. In parallel, the impact of forest management on the carbon balance of forest ecosystems has been investigated and the carbon mitigation potential of these activities has been analysed. This paper reviews the progress that was made in these two fields of research with a particular focus on European forests.

利用斑茅cDNA芯片研究甘蔗受黑穗病菌侵染后基因差异表达

为了解甘蔗抗黑穗病的分子机制,利用斑茅干旱胁迫cDNA芯片检测了甘蔗受黑穗病菌胁迫后的基因差异表达。经杂交,在cDNA芯片的3 860个模板中,有效差异表达(Ratio值≥2.0或≤0.5)的基因为101个,其中上调55个,下调46个。部分基因的定量PCR验证表明,芯片杂交结果可靠。上调表达基因经测序、冗余序列剔除,一共获得36个unique ESTs。已知功能的22个上调表达基因,涉及多条生理代谢途径,如光合作用、离子转运和核酸代谢途径;以及多种分子水平的进程,如基因转录、蛋白质合成与修饰以及细胞信号转导等。另外,还检测到14个未知功能基因。结果表明,甘蔗对黑穗病的抗性具有复杂的机制。本研究为解释甘蔗受黑穗病菌胁迫后的基因差异表达及其网络构建奠定了基础,还可以为今后系统研究甘蔗对生物与非生物胁迫的响应机制提供技术支持。