玉米矮花叶病研究进展

玉米矮花叶病（maize dwarf mosaic virus,MDMV）是世界上玉米产区普遍发生的病毒病害之一。白20世纪90年代以来,我国玉米矮花叶病发生严重,山西、甘肃、山东、河北以及北京等省市先后大流行,造成了巨大的农业经济损失。在我国玉米产区造成危害的主要是该病毒的B株系,主要借蚜虫传播和种子传播;在玉米矮花叶病的防治中,种植抗病品种,并辅以合理的栽培管理,可有效防止MDMV。本文主要综述玉米矮花叶病病毒的理化特性、玉米矮花叶病的发生危害、病原及其传播方式、发病条件、流行与防治、品种（自交系）抗性、抗性鉴定、抗性遗传及其抗病基因工程研究等方面的研究进展,以期为以后玉米矮花叶病的有效防治提供一定的参考。     

饲喂亚麻油日粮对矮小型和普通型蛋鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究了在利用含 5 %亚麻油的日粮生产富含多不饱和脂肪酸的功能蛋时 ,矮小型和普通型褐壳蛋鸡主要生产性能及屠体指标的变化。普通型蛋鸡对亚麻油日粮表现出一定的厌食 ,而矮小型鸡的采食量则略为增加。饲喂亚麻油日粮使普通型鸡的产蛋率显著降低 ,而矮小型蛋鸡的产蛋率则显著增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。矮小型鸡的蛋壳厚度、强度和蛋黄颜色均优于普通型蛋鸡。亚麻油日粮对蛋壳厚度和强度没有影响 ,但使蛋黄比色显著降低 ,矮小型鸡受影响的程度要小于普通型鸡。亚麻油日粮增加了肝脂的沉积。矮小型鸡肝脂的含量较低 ,从而减少了饲喂高脂日粮带来肝脏脂肪浸渗的机会     

寒地早粳品种矮生性遗传研究

本研究利用寒地20世纪90年代的合江19等9个主栽中秆品种及半矮秆品种龙花94595、矮秆品种矮绥化选共11份材料，配制21个组合，调查21个组合的F1、F2代及有关B1、B2世代株高，探讨了寒地早粳品种的矮秆遗传特性，结果表明：合江19等9个中秆品种及龙花94595株高是属于带有数量性状遗传特征的主基因加微效多基因控制的混合遗传；     

Heavy-ion-induced mutants in sweet pepper isolated by M1 plant selection

We examined the effects of heavy-ion bombardment on mutagenesis in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Dose–response studies indicated that 10 Gy irradiation of ¹²C or ²⁰Ne ions on dry seeds is suitable for inducing mutations in plants. From ²⁰Ne-irradiated M₁ plants, putative mutants included two dwarf plants and one plant whose pericarp was yellow were isolated. Phenotypes of their M₂ progeny were similar to those of the M₁ plants and did not segregate. F₁ plants resulting from reciprocal crosses between the mutants and wild-type plants showed the wild-type phenotype, but phenotypes of F₂ and BC₁F₁ segregated at 1:3 (mutant:wild) and 1:1, respectively. These crossing experiments indicate that the three mutants have monogenic recessive mutations in nuclear genes. In light of these data, we discuss the effectiveness of using heavy-ion bombardment to mutate sweet peppers.     

A field assessment of the role of selective herbicides in the restoration of British moorland dominated by Molinia

Upland heather moors are high priority biotopes for conservation in Britain, but are under threat from a number of sources. One such threat is a change from a vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs, mainly Calluna vulgaris, to a grassland dominated by Molinia caerulea. Restoration of a dwarf shrub community has proved problematic with studies showing that herbicide use may be necessary to control Molinia. Previously the non-selective herbicide, glyphosate, has been recommended, but this herbicide may damage Calluna and other moorland species severely. Here, we tested a range of selective herbicides (graminicides) for use in an herbicide-based conservation strategy under field conditions. Two selective herbicides, propaquizafop and quizalofop-ethyl, gave a short-term check to Molinia and another, cycloxydim, provided a reduction for at least 1 year, but this effect disappeared after 3 years. Damage to Calluna was less than that caused by glyphosate, and the selective herbicides had little effect on other moorland species present. Our findings suggest that selective herbicides have a potential role in reducing Molinia during moorland restoration, although follow-up applications, and appropriate moorland management, will also be needed.     

dw基因对蛋鸡卵黄沉积日粮脂肪酸的影响

本试验通过饲喂普通蛋鸡日粮和不饱和脂肪酸含量较高的5%亚麻油日粮，观察在日粮不同脂肪酸水平下矮小和普通型褐壳蛋鸡在卵黄沉积脂肪酸效率上的异同。试验结果表明，dw基因显著地影响卵黄多种脂肪酸的沉积。矮小型鸡卵脂中花生四烯酸[20：4(n-6)]的含量显著高于普通型鸡的，亚麻油酸[18：3（n-3）]、EPA[20：5（n-3)]、DHA[22：6(n-3)]的含量，矮小型鸡略高于普通型鸡，但两者未存在显著差异。对卵脂饱和脂肪酸（SFA）总量的影响，基因型与日粮脂肪水平存在显著的互作。     

香蕉簇矮病的综合防治研究

由类菌原体引起的香蕉簇矮病,通过采取定植经过严格检疫的香蕉组培苗或一年生的无病吸芽苗;改革传统的种植、施肥和灌溉方法;适当增施石灰,调节土壤pH值;冬、春季及时喷药消灭媒介昆虫等一整套综合防治措施,在11hm~2的试验地上,经过连续4年的调查观察,可以有效地把田间发病率降低到3％以下,提高果实的产量和品质。     

光质对矮生黄瓜生长及生理特性的影响

以矮生黄瓜D0462和蔓生黄瓜129为试材,研究不同光质对其形态指标和生理特性的影响。结果表明,蓝光和红光处理对129和D0462均有影响,且蓝光影响更大;D0462经蓝光处理后下胚轴长极显著低于129,除叶绿素含量两品种间差异不显著外,D0462的花色素苷含量、IAA氧化酶、SOD及POD活性经蓝光处理后均显著高于129。     

小麦矮秆基因研究和利用简述

从矮秆基因的种类、遗传特性和分布等方面简述了小麦矮秆基因的研究和利用情况,并对继续利用矮杆基因提出建议。     

矮败小麦在高产、超高产育种中的应用研究

矮败小麦是太谷核不育基因m s2和矮秆基因Rht10的紧密连锁体,是一种具有矮秆性状标记的显性核不育新材料,是小麦遗传改良极为有效的工具,利用它特别适用于多亲本聚合杂交和轮回选择育种,简化并加速了小麦种质创新和新品种选育进程,经过十几年的潜心研究,已育成一批各具特色的优异种质及优良品系。通过高产超高产基础群体组建及群体改良,成功选育出品2、品4、品7、品10、品13及品14等优良超高产品系,其中,品2平均产量达到8307.0 kg/hm2,比对照增产21%,品7平均产量达到8 244.0 kg/hm2,比对照增产20%。