禾草对禾顶囊壳玉米变种的抗病性研究

利用人工接菌方法测定了10种草坪禾草,包括多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、紫羊茅、中华结缕草、硬羊茅、草地早熟禾、加拿大早熟禾、匍匐剪股颖、细弱剪股颖、狗牙根;13种禾本科牧草,包括一年生黑麦草、鸭茅、碱茅、扁穗冰草、沙生冰草、披碱草、老芒麦、杂交小米草、猫尾草、弯叶画眉草、无芒雀麦、百喜草、苏丹草;以及4种禾本科作物,包括燕麦、甜高粱、小麦、玉米对禾顶囊壳玉米变种的抗病性。结果表明,多数供试禾草对其具有免疫能力,多年生黑麦草、一年生黑麦草、草地早熟禾、小麦高度抗侵染;无芒雀麦和玉米具有中等程度的抗侵染能力,但抗侵入能力较差;高粱属的苏丹草和甜高粱中度感病,属于中感作物。多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾品种间存在着抗病性差异,有免疫品种和高抗品种。     

Postulation of leaf-rust resistance genes in Czech and Slovak barley cultivars and breeding lines

Leaf‐rust resistance (Rph) genes in 61 Czech and Slovak barley cultivars and 32 breeding lines from registration trials of the Czech Republic were postulated based on their reaction to 12 isolates of Puccinia hordei with different combinations of virulence genes. Five known Rph genes (Rph2, Rph3, Rph4, Rph7, and Rph12) and one unknown Rph gene were postulated to be present in this germplasm. To corroborate this result, the pedigree of the barley accessions was analysed. Gene Rph2, as well as Rph4, originated from old European cultivars. The donor of Rph3, which has been mainly used by Czech and Slovak breeders, is ‘Ribari’ (‘Baladi 16’). Rph12 originates from barley cultivars developed in the former East Germany. Rph7 in the registered cultivar ‘Heris’ originates from ‘Forrajera’. A combination of two genes was found in 10 cultivars. Nine heterogeneous cultivars were identified; they were composed of one component with an identified Rph gene and a second component without any resistance gene. No gene for leaf rust resistance was found in 17 of the accessions tested. This study demonstrates the utility of using selected pathotypes of P. hordei for postulating Rph genes in barley.     

干旱胁迫条件下不同饲用燕麦品种种子萌发指标比较与评价

本研究采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,比较研究了26份饲草型燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种子的萌发特征,利用主成分分析法和隶属函数法进行了综合评价,为抗旱燕麦品种选育提供实验参考。结果表明,与CK相比,15% PEG浓度下,所有材料的发芽率、发芽势、芽长、根长、种子活力指数等指标均显著下降,不同品种之间差异显著。经主成分分析法筛选,发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数为燕麦种质耐旱性评价的主效指标。通过综合评价,'荟峰’、'三星’、'喜韵’为强抗旱品种;'梦龙’、'大富翁’为中等抗旱品种;'甜燕2号’、'挑战者’、'白燕7号’、'甜燕麦青海’、'甜燕70’、'牧乐思’、'进口甜燕’、'禾王’、'当地燕麦’、'莫尼卡’、'巴燕3号’、'燕麦克劳沃’、'甜燕麦’、'摄政王’、'青海444’为弱抗旱品种;'青牧’、'福燕1号’、'喜越’、'青甜1号’、'甜燕1号’、'shooter’为不抗旱品种。     

Pyrantel resistance in two herds of donkey in the UK

Resistance to currently available anthelmintics is a serious phenomenon which is prevalent globally. Cyathostomins are one of the major parasites, and are of primary concern in donkeys. There have been reports of emerging resistance to pyrantel, but the status of pyrantel resistance in donkey populations in the UK is largely unknown. This report investigates pyrantel resistance in two geographically isolated donkey herds in the South West of England. The first herd had suspected pyrantel resistance, with already established resistance to other anthelmintics. In the second herd the efficacy of pyrantel was not suspected at the time the study took place. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was carried out, revealing large scale resistance. Eighty one percent of the first herd and 73% of the second herd had a FEC of less than 95% after treatment, and anthelmintic resistance was confirmed using the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology guidelines. These findings indicate that anthelmintic resistance to pyrantel exists in both tested donkey populations and illustrate the continuing development of resistance through different classes of chemotherapeutics.     

CPB-LAR-GFP表达载体的构建及其在紫花苜蓿愈伤组织中的表达

以无色花青素还原酶编码基因LAR为靶序列,构建携带绿色荧光蛋白GFP和抗除草剂bar基因的双标记选择植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法对紫花苜蓿进行遗传转化,经PCR检测和PPT筛选出抗性愈伤组织,转基因紫花苜蓿愈伤组织的缩合单宁含量比对照高30.8%。试验证明重组基因已转化至紫花苜蓿愈伤组织中并发挥生理功能,为研究缩合单宁合成与代谢的分子调控机制和培育具有抗除草剂和抗臌胀病的牧草新品种奠定基础。     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫野外株对3种聚醚类离子载体抗生素的敏感性试验

采用鸡体药效试验法测定了柔嫩艾美尔球虫对３种聚醚类离子载体抗生素的敏感性。试验证明，柔嫩艾美尔球虫野外分离株对盐霉素（６６×１０－６）、莫能菌素（１２０×１０－６）和拉沙菌素（１２５×１０－６）产生了耐药性。上述３种药物的抗球虫指数（ＡＣＩ）分别为１４９．３９、１３４．０４和１５６．１１。但这３种药物对柔嫩艾美尔球虫标准株仍然有效     

Oral glucose leads to a differential response in glucose,insulin, and GLP-1 in lean versus obese cats

The response to oral glucose was examined in 10 obese and 9 lean age-matched, neutered cats. In all cats, oral administration of 2 g/kg glucose was followed by a prompt increase in glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. There were significant differences between lean and obese cats in the areas under the curve for glucose, insulin, and GLP-1. However, the responses were variable, and a clear distinction between individual lean and obese cats was not possible. Therefore, this test cannot be recommended as a routine test to examine insulin resistance in individual cats as it is used in people. A further disadvantage for routine use is also the fact that this test requires gastric tubing for the correct administration of the glucose and associated tranquilization to minimize stress and that it was associated with development of diarrhea in 25% of the cats. GLP-1 concentrations were much lower in obese than lean cats. The low GLP-1 concentrations in obese cats might indicate a contribution of GLP-1 to the lower insulin sensitivity of obese cats, but this hypothesis needs to be further investigated.