农村信用社农户信贷行为影响因素及政策选择

本文利用福建农村信用社多年报表资料和访谈资料，分析农村信用社农户信贷变动趋势和影响因素。分析结果表明，农村信用社的资产选择、政策推动、信用制度建设、经营效率和信贷能力是影响农户信贷的主要因素，并提出增加农户信贷可得性的政策建议。     

农药亚致死剂量对优姬蜂交配行为影响的研究

用１００×１０－６％农梦特和空白农梦特乳油，以及０．０１×１Ｏ－６％氯氰菊酯处理寄生于小菜蛾幼虫的优姬蜂雄蜂，观察农药亚致死剂量对优姬蜂交配行为的影响。结果表明，受农梦特处理的雄蜂只有６８．１８％在遇到雌蜂时引起翅膀扇动。在农梦特和氯氰菊酯处理中，雄蜂对雌蜂在交配行为上的反应迟钝，它们从试验开始到扇动翅膀的时间显著地比对照和空白农梦特乳油的推迟，其交配率分别为２７．２７％和５５％，交配抑制率分别为５３．６８％和３２．０６％。     

高粱两用不育系HS-57的不育性和恢复性研究

HS-57为高粱两用不育系,对其雄性不育的不育性和恢复性研究表明,HS-57在晋中盆地的育性表现,不同年份存在差异。其不育性的恢复受两对等位显性基因控制。A1类型保持系不能恢复其育性,A2类型保持系和恢复系对其育性表现恢复。     

Technical solutions to reduce the risk of subsoil compaction: effects of dual wheels, tandem wheels and tyre inflation pressure on stress propagation in soil

The use of heavy machinery is increasing in agriculture, which induces increased risks of subsoil compaction. Hence, there is a need for technical solutions that reduce the compaction risk at high total machine loads. Three field experiments were performed in order to study the effects of dual wheels, tandem wheels and tyre inflation pressure on stress propagation in soil. Vertical soil stress was measured at three different depths by installing probes into the soil horizontally from a dug pit. In one experiment, also the stress distribution below the tyre was measured. Beneath the dual wheels, vertical stresses at 0.15 and 0.3 m depth were lower between the two wheels than under the centre of each wheel, despite the gap between the wheels being small (0.1 m). At 0.5 m depth, vertical stress beneath the wheels was the same as between the two wheels. The stress interaction from the two wheels was weak, even in the subsoil. Accordingly, measured stresses at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 m depth were highest under the centre of each axle centre line of tandem wheels, and much lower between the axles. For a wheel load of 86 kN, tyre inflation pressure significantly affected stress at 0.3 m depth, but not at greater depths. Stress directly below the tyre, measured at 0.1 m depth, was unevenly distributed, both in driving direction and perpendicular to driving direction, and maximum stress was considerably higher than tyre inflation pressure. Calculations of vertical stress based on Boussinesq's equation for elastic materials agreed well with measurements. A parabolic or linear contact stress distribution (stress declines from the centre to the edge of the contact area) was a better approximation of the contact stress than a uniform stress distribution. The results demonstrate that stress in the soil at different depths is a function of the stress on the surface and the contact area, which in turn are functions of wheel load, wheel arrangement, tyre inflation pressure, contact stress distribution and soil conditions. Soil stress and soil compaction are a function of neither axle load nor total vehicle load. This is of great importance for practical purposes. Reducing wheel load, e.g. by using dual or tandem wheels, also allows tyre inflation pressure to be reduced. This reduces the risk of subsoil compaction.     

Sustainable transparent farm animal breeding and reproduction

Farm animal breeders are facing challenges. More and more powerful technologies are at their disposal for creating genetic change. At the same time, society is concerned about the impact of breeding practices and the use to which new technologies are being put. European breeders must compete in a global market. To meet these challenges, European farm animal breeders have conducted three projects to contribute to sustainable and transparent farm animal breeding and reproduction. In “Farm animal breeding and society”, an overview is presented of farm animal breeding in Europe and its technical, ethical, legal and consumer constraints and possibilities. In ‘SEFABAR’, European breeders, scientists and socio-economists have worked towards sustainable breeding and reproduction scenarios. In ‘CODE–EFABAR’, breeders aim to develop, with experts on ethics, communication and certification, and in close contact with NGOs, farmers' organisations and policy makers, a Code of Good Practice for farm animal breeding and reproduction organisations. Along this Code of Good Practice organisations will be able to explain their goals and practices to the public in a transparent way. This paper reviews these projects.     

Obesity increases initial rate of fibrin formation during blood coagulation in domestic shorthaired cats

Obesity predisposes to a prothrombotic state in humans, but whether a similar state occurs in obese animals is unknown. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of body fat percentage (BF) on haemostatic parameters including thromboelastography with tissue factor as activator (TF-TEG) in client owned indoor-confined physically inactive cats. Seventy-two cats were included following an initial thorough health examination, and a complete blood count, biochemistry panel, conventional coagulation panel and a TF-TEG analysis were performed with tissue factor (1:50,000) as activator. The cats were anaesthetized, and BF was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Significant difference between lean (BF < 35%, n = 26), overweight (35% < BF < 45%, n = 28) and obese (BF > 45%, n = 18) cats was identified using ANOVA. The correlation between BF, serum leptin and total adiponectin, respectively, with individual TEG and conventional coagulation parameters was evaluated. Obese cats showed a faster rate of fibrin formation (TF-TEG(R), p < 0.05), and TF-TEG(R) was positively correlated with plasma leptin levels. Increasing BF did not affect other conventional coagulation or TF-TEG parameters. In conclusion, this study indicates a connection between body fat content and altered haemostasis, also in cats. Whether feline obesity causes a hypercoagulable state of clinical relevance should be further investigated.     

干旱与Cd双重胁迫对土壤-小麦-蚜虫系统Cd转移规律影响的研究

为探究干旱和重金属双重胁迫对土壤-小麦-蚜虫系统内Cd转移规律的影响,为小麦蚜虫的生态调节提供理论依据,本研究以麦长管蚜[Sitobionavenae(Fabricius)]为研究对象,用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定不同土壤Cd含量(100 mg?kg-1、200 mg?kg-1)及不同程度干旱胁迫(无胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫)处理下小麦根茎叶及蚜虫体内的Cd含量。结果表明:土壤Cd含量及干旱单一胁迫均对小麦及蚜虫体内的Cd含量造成了显著影响(P0.05)。两者交互作用对小麦根部及叶部的Cd含量影响显著,而对小麦茎部及蚜虫体内Cd含量影响不显著。在相同胁迫条件下, Cd在小麦中的积累分布为根茎叶。随着干旱胁迫程度增大,小麦根部Cd含量及土壤-根转移系数降低,茎部Cd含量及根-茎转移系数升高,麦长管蚜Cd含量在土壤Cd含量100mg?kg-1下高于土壤Cd含量200 mg?kg-1;中度干旱胁迫增加了麦长管蚜体内Cd累积量,而重度干旱胁迫则降低了其体内Cd累积量。叶-蚜虫的Cd转移系数明显大于土壤-根、根-茎和茎-叶转移系数且大于1,说明Cd在麦长管蚜体内产生了生物富集作用。综上所述,干旱胁迫促进了Cd从土壤向小麦茎部转移和根部Cd累积,但抑制了Cd从根部到茎部转移和茎部Cd累积;中度干旱胁迫促进了麦长管蚜体内Cd的积累,而重度干旱胁迫抑制了麦长管蚜体内Cd的积累。     

IPv4/IPv6混合组网技术

文章对IPv4/IPv6混合组网的一些原则进行了讨论,对主要组网技术进行了介绍,提出了最新的一些组网技术选择的方法。     

Population history and genetic variability in the Spanish Arab Horse assessed via pedigree analysis

The important role of values is very evident when it comes to citizens' concept of sustainability. The present paper had the objective to define sustainability as a socio-cultural concept for livestock production systems. The main research question was: how do Dutch citizens value various aspects of dairy production systems? We conducted farm visits with citizens panels in The Netherlands. We asked citizens about their on-farm perception (smelling, hearing, seeing and feeling) and what they perceived valuable to preserve for the future. We presented sustainability as a socio-cultural concept which included citizens' valuable aspects (SCA) and concerns (SCI). We defined a socio-cultural aspect (SCA) as an aspect of a livestock production system which is mentioned by society as being valuable to preserve for the future. We identified an SCA as a socio-cultural issue (SCI) when it evokes societal concern in present time or is expected to do so in the future. By qualitative analysis we identified SCAs and SCIs of dairy production systems and combined these into socio-cultural themes (SCT). We found ten socio-cultural themes which contained 42 socio-cultural aspects (SCA), of which 27 were identified as socio-cultural issues (SCI). We can conclude that that livestock production systems have more values for society than solely food production, because only one of the ten identified socio-cultural themes directly concerned food production (SCT 1), whereas the nine other themes concerned values that go beyond food production: farming activities (SCT 2), farm income (SCT 3), animals (SCT 4), landscape (SCT 5), nature (SCT 6), environment (SCT 7), farming culture (SCT 8), national culture (SCT 9) and services for society (SCT 10). One of the main values of agriculture seems the combination of apparently contradicting aspects such as technology and nature within one system. In conclusion, sustainability as a socio-cultural concept for livestock production systems is defined by a wide range of socio-cultural aspects and issues, reflecting citizens' values and concerns of that system and for a sustainable agriculture it is important that both SCIs and SCAs are taken into account.     

CLINICAL,DIAGNOSTIC, AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF 2 CASES OF METASTATIC IRIDOPHOROMA IN A VEILED CHAMELEON (CHAMAELEO CALYPTRATUS) AND A RED-BARRED DRAGON (CTENOPHORUS VADNAPPA)

Iridophores are iridescent cutaneous pigment cells found in reptiles, fish, and amphibians. Neoplasms of iridophores are rarely reported, and little is known about their behaviour, metastatic potential, and prognostic indicators. This paper reports details of the clinical course and pathological findings of metastatic iridophoroma in a veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) and red-barred dragon (Ctenophorus vadnappa). The veiled chameleon presented with a subcutaneous mass on the right lateral elbow and was diagnosed as an iridophoroma on fine needle aspiration. It was otherwise clinically normal. Within 35 days of excision, multiple secondary skin masses developed which were often non-pigmented and required microscopic examination to identify them as iridophoroma metastases. There were in total 54 days between the first detection of the primary mass and end stage, extensive cutaneous and visceral metastatic disease, and there had been no detectable primary mass during routine clinical examination 128 days prior to death. The red-barred dragon presented with a white sub-mandibular mass. While undergoing an excisional biopsy the animal expired, post-mortem examination revealed a cutaneous malignant iridophoroma with tumour cell clusters seen in pulmonary arterial vessels, suggesting that surgical handling of iridophoroma could precipitate the release of circulating tumour cell clusters. This is the first iridophoroma described in a red-barred dragon and the second report of a malignant iridophoroma in a veiled chameleon. Timely detection and careful excision of lizard iridophoroma may be an important factor in clinical outcome.