冬小麦双覆条播试验初报

试验表明,双覆条播与常规露地条播相比,当季增产率为１６．４８ ％ ,潜在增产率为１１ ．５８ ％ ,理论增产率为２８ ．０６％ ,而且增强了小麦根系生长,地膜还可被下茬作物再利用。     

双向端平阀在前装载拖拉机上的应用

由于拖拉机的发动机前置,使得传统装载机上应用的反转六连杆机构在拖拉机上难于布置。为了满足前装载拖拉机的铲斗在提升动臂过程中保持平移,只有采用平行四边形连杆机构或者液压自动端平阀,依靠端平阀自动地控制铲斗油缸的运动来使铲斗保持水平状态。     

和谐社会背景下新农村幼儿园建设与机制保障研究

分析了新农村背景下幼儿园发展中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了幼儿园发展的保障机制。     

论山区发展乡村社会林业的基本对策

本文分析和归纳了乡村社会林业发展的总体指导思想与基本要求,进而提出山区发展乡村社会林业的基本原则,分析认为山区发展乡村社会林业应充分发挥政府主导的作用、引入市场经济机制、发动农民广泛参与、推动产业化经营、大力扶持龙头企业,并通过加强林业科技推广保障山区乡村社会林业的可持续发展。     

Forest soils research and changing societal needs and values

The 10th North American Forest Soils Conference was held in Sault Ste. Marie, Canada, 20–24 July 2003. These conferences, held at 5-year intervals since 1958, are intended to provide a forum to discuss and summarize the state of knowledge on selected topics related to forest soils. Approximately 60 papers were presented on a variety of topics related to understanding and managing soils that support forests with particular emphasis given to field research, soil carbon, and site management/classification. We discuss the topics of this conference in relation to earlier ones and conclude that advances are made unevenly and that there is a need for new approaches to investigating many of the topics. We note the change in forest management that has occurred since the first of these conferences and the resulting changes needed in our approach to research and management. The need for interaction of scientists and clientele groups is noted as necessary for development of sound management and research policy. The interaction of scientific disciplines is needed to attack problems that have been difficult to elucidate. The challenge to forest soil scientists is to mesh their scientific interests with the needs of society to obtain the resources needed to advance science and provide information that will improve forest management.     

Nickel-catalyzed carbonization of wood for coproduction of functional carbon and fluid fuels I: production of crystallized mesoporous carbon

Japanese larch wood loaded with nickel (1%–4%) alone or with nickel and calcium (0.25%–1.5%) was carbonized at 800°–900°C for 0–120min with a heating rate of 5°–20°C min⁻¹ in a helium flow of 5.8−46.4 ml STP cm⁻² min⁻¹ to examine the influence of these variables on the crystallization of carbon (the formation of T component) and the development of mesoporosity. From the obtained results, reaction conditions suitable for effective production of carbon with the dual functions of adequate electroconductivity and adsorption capacity in liquid phase were established, thereby explaining the factors that govern the process. It was also confirmed that mesopore having a diameter of about 4 nm was selectively produced at the cost of specific (BET) surface area in parallel with the formation of T component. This result provided good insight into how the simultaneous dual function could be realized.     

双重上市公司境内外风险信息披露一致性及其影响因素

通过对21家双重上市公司113个样本2000多条风险记录的两配对样本T检验发现,其境内外风险披露基本一致,对风险的描述基本一致,对风险的应对也基本一致。通过风险信息披露一致率、风险信息披露相同率与其影响因素的回归分析发现,规模、风险水平、资产负债率、账面市值比、境外上市地点、行业和年度会影响双重上市公司境内外风险信息披露的一致性。     

Fraxinus-Glomus-Pisolithus symbiosis: Plant growth and soil aggregation effects

It has been established that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are involved in the conservation of soil structure. However, the effect of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi alone or in interaction with AM fungi in soil structure has been much less studied. This experiment evaluated EM and AM fungi effects on soil aggregation and plant growth. Ash plants (Fraxinus uhdei) were grown in pots, and were inoculated with Glomus intraradices and Pisolithus tinctorius separately but also in combination. Our results showed that F. uhdei established a symbiotic association with EM and AM fungi, and that these organisms, when interacting, showed synergistic and additive effects on plant growth compared to singly inoculated treatments. EM and AM fungi prompted changes in root morphology and increased water-stable aggregates. AM fungi affect mainly small-sized macroaggregates, while EM and EM-AM fungi interaction mainly affected aggregates bigger than 0.5 mm diameter. These results suggest that ectomyccorrhizal as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi should be considered in restoration programs with Fraxinus plants.     

退耕还林工程与二元结构问题研究

退耕还林工程所面临的是一个由二元结构所衍生出的矛盾和问题,即如何解决不同地区和产业因发展阶段的差异而产生的对同一土地(坡地)不同利用方式之间需求弹性和效用函数的错位。问题的核心是协调发达的现代部门对森林的多样化需求与欠发达的传统部门对生存和发展需求之间的矛盾。现有退耕还林的政策投入仅是该工程成功的必要条件,而非充分条件。为此,应加大事后介入力度,采取综合措施来保证退耕还林工程的长远效果。     

试论我国农业资源的配置机制及其优化

从农业资源的涵义和特征入手，分析了我国农业资源配置存在的问题和原因，论述了建立农业资源配置机制的重要性。