Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides from great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Gifu and Shiga Prefectures,Japan

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a causal agent of gastroenteritis, sepsis and meningitis in humans. We examined the prevalence of P. shigelloides among great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo hanedae) in Japan and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. P. shigelloides was isolated from 33 (47.8%) of 69 fecal samples from great cormorants in 2014. All 33 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which showed resistance to ampicillin (31 isolates, 93.9%), tetracycline (two isolates, 6.1%) and trimethoprim (one isolate, 3.0%). The high prevalence of P. shigelloides in the great cormorants implicates the possible microbiological risk to public health.     

Relationship between three novel SNPs of BRCA1 and canine mammary tumors

The BRCA1 gene plays an important role in the development of human breast cancer, and recent research indicated that genetic variations of BRCA1 are also related to canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Here, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we cloned the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1. By direct sequencing of the flanking sequences of the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1, three previously unreported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, two (−1228T >C, −1173C >T) in the putative promoter regions and one non-synonymous SNP (63449G >A) in exon 23. Compared with 16 normal samples, the sequences from 34 CMTs suggested that SNP (−1173C >T) was associated with the development of CMTs (odds ratio (OR)=2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–6.15).     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

广东省鸭疫里默氏杆菌流行病学监测及遗传进化关系

【目的】明确广东地区鸭疫里默杆菌Riemerella anatipestifer的血清型、耐药状况及遗传进化关系。【方法】从规模化鸭场分离鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌,通过玻片凝集试验鉴定血清型;利用试管两倍稀释法测试抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度,分析药物的敏感性;采用全基因组测序技术分析序列特征并构建核心基因组遗传进化树。【结果】共分离鉴定鸭疫里默氏杆菌168株,血清1、2、3、5、6、7、8、10型均有流行,血清1型的菌株高达54.17%(91/168),其次为2型,占27.97%(47/168)。48株代表性菌株对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、盐酸环丙沙星表现高度耐药,耐药率均超过80%;对土霉素、盐酸四环素、盐酸金霉素、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶的耐药率均在60%以上;对阿莫西林、头孢噻肟和大观霉素的耐药率低于30%。受试菌株对5～12种药物耐药,共有44种耐药谱型。成功获得46株菌株全基因组序列,共检出6种耐药基因,其中,耐药基因erm(F)和tet(X)的检出率较高,分别为73.91%(34/46)和82.60%(38/46),同时携带2种以上耐药基因的菌株占95.65%(44...     

呼和浩特市地区桃粉蚜(Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard)对七种杀虫剂的敏感性研究

桃粉蚜(Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard)是农作物和果树重要害虫。本研究,为揭示呼和浩特市地区桃粉蚜对不同杀虫剂的敏感性。应用拟除虫菊酯类、新烟碱类、阿维菌素类等7种杀虫剂对其进行生物测定。试验结果：1.拟除虫菊酯类,SEQ品系对溴氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯的LC50值分别是395.20mg/L、29.90mg/L、86.40mg/L。IMAU品系对溴氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯的LC50值分别是591.29 mg/L、1219.30 mg/L、271.81 mg/L。SEQ品系对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的敏感性比IMAU品系高。2.新烟碱类,SEQ品系对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的LC50值分别是400.23mg/L、395.80mg/L。IMAU品系对对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的LC50值分别是340.93mg/L、838.28mg/L。SEQ品系和IMAU品系对新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性差异不大。3.阿维菌素类,SEQ品系对阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的LC50值分别是166.40mg/L、1279.96mg/L。IMAU品系对阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的LC50值分别是878.73 mg/L、6716.83 mg/L。SEQ品系对新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性比IMAU品系高。本研究中的SEQ品系对拟除虫菊酯类、阿维菌素类杀虫剂的敏感性均比IMAU品系的高。SEQ和IMAU品系对拟除虫菊酯和阿维菌素类杀虫剂均有敏感性差异与不同生态环境中的种群受杀虫剂筛选频度有关。同类杀虫剂的靶标部位相同导致桃粉蚜均对3类杀虫剂产生交互抗性。本研究为农业生产当中防治桃粉蚜提供基础数据。     

皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus）脓疱病的研究

１９９３年夏季，大连水产养殖公司槽式养殖的鲍（Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓ）发生脓疱病，死亡率高达５０－６０％，经分离纯化得９３０１和９３０２二个菌株，镜检结果表明，两个菌株均匀极生单鞭毛的革兰氏阴性短杆形细菌。在人工感染试验中，健康鲍足肌分别注射两个菌株的菌液，感染率均高达１００％，病症与自然发病的安全相同，因此，证明９３０１和９３０２菌株即为脓疱病的病原菌，药敏试验表明，两个菌株对氯霉素，复方新诺明高度敏     

Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from infections in cats and dogs throughout Europe (2002–2009)

A monitoring program of the pre-treatment susceptibility of clinical isolates of bacteria from diseased dogs and cats was active between the years 2002 and 2009. Susceptibility of each isolated strain to a panel of nine antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, penicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was assessed. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin was also determined by a standardized microdilution technique following CLSI recommendations. In total, 1857 bacterial strains were collected throughout Europe from cases of otitis, respiratory, urinary and dermatological infections. Although bacterial susceptibility varied for each of the antibiotics within the panel, patterns of susceptibility were similar to those described in the literature for comparable time periods and geographical areas. With a clinical resistance varying from 0 to 14.48% against the isolated strains, marbofloxacin susceptibility was very high and remains an effective antibiotic for the treatment of otitis, urinary, respiratory and dermatological infections in companion animals.     

Effect of new ethyl and methyl carbamates on Rhipicephalus microplus larvae and adult ticks resistant to conventional ixodicides

The effects of six new synthetic carbamates on fully engorged females of four Rhipicephalus microplus strains (one reference strain susceptible to conventional ixodicides, two strains multiresistant to ixodicides and one tick field isolate) were compared. In addition, the effect of two other new synthetic carbamates was tested on larvae from the same strains. The first six tested carbamates reduced egg laying and inhibited egg hatching in the four studied strains (P < 0.05). Compared with untreated females, the eggs produced by the treated engorged female ticks of all strains had a dark, dry, opaque appearance and were less adherent. The remaining two tested carbamates induced larval mortality in all of the evaluated strains. The three studied R. microplus strains displayed 50% resistance ratios (RR₅₀) of less than 2 when compared to the susceptible reference strain. These results demonstrate that both carbamates with a larvicidal effect and carbamates that inhibit egg laying and embryo development are efficacious against tick strains that are resistant to commercial ixodicides, no cross resistance was observed.