外源NO对NaCl胁迫下燕麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性和生长的影响

为了探讨外源NO是否能减轻盐胁迫对燕麦（Avena sativa）幼苗的伤害,以水培生长到四叶一心的燕麦幼苗为研究材料,在150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,探讨了0.06 mmol/L外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对白燕6号和内散2号2个燕麦品种幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性以及丙二醛(MDA）含量、质膜透性、叶绿素含量和植株干质量的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下,施入外源NO可提高燕麦叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性,降低MDA含量和质膜透性,并能缓解叶绿素含量的下降,提高植株干质量,从而减轻NaCl胁迫对燕麦幼苗的伤害;但外源NO对不同抗氧化酶活性影响不同,其中对提高SOD、CAT、APX活性的作用相对较大,而对提高POD活性的作用相对较小。     

酶制剂、益生素对杂粕饲粮品质改善效果的研究

采用单因素完全随机设计,研究杂粕日粮中添加0.015%的酶制剂和0.15%的益生素与豆粕日粮饲喂蛋鸡的效果差异。结果表明,与豆粕相比,加酶或加益生素的杂粕日粮降低蛋鸡产蛋率、产蛋量、蛋重和蛋鸡采食量;通过添加益生素或酶制剂,杂粕日粮在饲料转化率上与豆粕日粮效果相当;与豆粕日粮相比,加酶或加益生素的杂粕日粮不影响蛋壳厚度和软破蛋率,也不影响能量和蛋白质代谢率,但显著降低排泄物中蛋白质含量。可见,一定程度上加酶或加益生素能可提高杂粕的利用率,但其实用效果与豆粕日粮还有一定差距。     

翻耙补播对科尔沁碱化草地土壤理化性质和生物活性的影响

对科尔沁地区碱化草甸草地翻耙补播沙打旺后的土壤理化性质和土壤生物活性的变化进行了研究.结果表明,翻耙补播改良后草地综合生产性能得到明显改善,土壤容重、pH、含盐量和碱化度降低,土壤含水量和孔隙度增加,土壤有机质和N、P、K等养分含量增加;同时,土壤微生物C、N的含量以及土壤酶的活性也得到较大幅度提高.     

生物酶法提取中草药活性成分研究进展

对酶提方法的原理、酶类选择依据、酶提工艺,以及酶提法应用现状进行了综述,旨在为同类研究提供技术参考。中草药具有广泛的应用前景和开发潜力,为提高中药疗效,方便临床用药,生产中常需要对中草药进行提取,然而传统的提取方法较为繁杂。随着科技进步,一些现代中药提取方法不断涌现。酶提方法是一种应用酶工程技术提取中药的现代中药提取方法,该方法具有高效、无毒、反应条件温和等优点,是一种发展潜力较大的中药提取方法。     

饲料级果胶酶对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加饲料级果胶酶对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。选择体重、健康状况基本一致的AA肉仔鸡240只,随机等分为试验组与对照组2个组,每组设3个重复,每重复40只,分成2个处理组,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.01％含6000U/g 的饲料级果胶酶的日粮,进行为期35d的试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组日增重提高9.51％（P〈0.05）;料重比降低7.06％（P〈0.05）;死淘率降低11.00％（P〈0.05）。说明在日粮中添加饲料级果胶酶可显著提高肉仔鸡的生长性能。     

Mode of action of the anilino-pyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil. 2. Effects on enzyme secretion in Botrytis cinerea

The effect of pyrimethanil on the levels of cell wall degrading enzymes secreted by Botrytis cinerea Pers. was investigated in diseased plant tissues and in liquid B. cinerea cultures. Total proteinase activity isolated from infected carrot slices which were treated with 5.0 μM pyrimethanil was decreased by 76%, 3 d after inoculation. Polygalacturonase, cellulase, proteinase and laccase activities were all decreased in the medium of three day-old cultures grown in the presence of pyrimethanil. The pyrimethanil concentrations resulting in 50% reduction in total enzyme activities (IC₅₀) were approximately 0.25 μM for polygalacturonase, cellulase and proteinase, and approximately 1.0 μM for laccase. No significant growth inhibition was observed at these pyrimethanil concentrations. Pyrimethanil did not inhibit the enzymes directly, nor did it inhibit the synthesis of cytosolic proteins. Therefore, it was proposed that the fungicide inhibits protein secretion at a post-translational stage in the secretory pathway. Large differences were found in the effects of pyrimethanil on the growth of B. cinerea in liquid cultures and on agar plates, depending on the composition of the medium. In liquid media containing cellulose and protein as carbon and nitrogen sources, growth inhibition occurred at 5.0 μM pyrimethanil, whilst no growth inhibition was observed with 50 μM pyrimethanil in malt extract. Similarly, growth occurred on potato/dextrose agar (PDA) at 0.5 μM pyrimethanil, but no growth was seen at this concentration on agars containing cellulose and protein. Thus it appears that pyrimethanil is most active in media where the fungus has to utilise extracellular enzymes to mobilise the nutrients it requires for growth.     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取科宝肉鸡商品代1日龄公雏320只,随机分成2个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复20只。处理1饲喂基础饲粮,处理2饲喂基础饲粮+150 g/t NSP复合酶制剂F。1-21 d基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,22-42 d基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型饲粮,低温制粒。结果表明,在1-21 d肉鸡的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加NSP酶制剂F对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观利用率无改善作用,而在高杂粕(3%菜粕、3%棉粕和8%DDGS)的玉米-豆粕-杂粕型肉鸡饲粮中添加NSP复合酶制剂F对22-42 d和1-42 d肉鸡生产性能均有改善作用,在一定程度上改善了22-42 d肉鸡饲粮的养分表观利用率。     

蜂胶黄酮苷酶解与抗氧化活性的探讨

蜂胶中含有很多的黄酮苷类物质,而黄酮苷类物质由于自身的抗氧化性能和在人体不能被充分利用使其抗氧化活性没有黄酮苷元的抗氧化活性强.探讨酶法降解黄酮苷的研究现状和在蜂胶加工中应用的可能性,得出结论,酶法降解蜂胶中的黄酮苷能够显著增强蜂胶的抗氧化活性,能够为蜂胶更深层次的利用奠定基础.     

苜蓿根系生长对黄土母质生土的改良效应

为明确苜蓿根系生长对黄土母质生土的改良效应,以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,采用根管土柱栽培方法,研究了2~4年生紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.) 0~300 cm土层根系生长特点及其根际土壤微生物、酶活性以及土壤营养的垂直分布。结果表明:黄土母质生土0~300 cm土层的苜蓿根重、根体积、根直径随土层的加深皆符合Y=A·e^-BX锥形负指数递减模型;苜蓿根系对土壤的穿孔、切割、挤压作用有利于改善生土的结构;苜蓿发达的根系明显促进了生土根际微生物的繁衍、酶活性的提高及土壤氮素营养与有机质含量的提高。试验年限内,以4年生苜蓿根际效应更好。本研究结果为苜蓿应用于黄土母质生土地的改良沃化提供了理论参考。     

Ameliorative effects of inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. DW1 on growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings under salt stress

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. DW1 on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) growth, mineral uptake and activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of plant leaves under salinity stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments using eggplant (S. melongena L., cv. Yinjia) and a coastal soil. The NaCl concentration of the coastal soil was 0.57 g (kg soil)⁻¹. Four NaCl levels were tested: 0.57, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g NaCl (kg soil)⁻¹, by adding NaCl to soil, respectively. Pseudomonas-inoculated seeds had an increase in the germination percentage over its non-inoculated seeds under salinity. Salinity negatively affected growth of eggplant; however, plants inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. DW1 grew to a significantly greater extent than plants that were not treated with this bacterium. Salinity significantly decreased K⁺ concentration, increased Na⁺ concentration, and did not significantly decrease Ca²⁺ content in shoots of eggplants. Inoculating with Pseudomonas sp. DW1 increased shoot Ca²⁺ of eggplant compared to the non-inoculating eggplant plants under salinity. Inoculating treatments with Pseudomonas sp. DW1 had no effect on shoot Na⁺ concentration in 0.57 and 1 g (kg soil)⁻¹ NaCl, but there were significant decreases in inoculated treatments than in non-inoculated ones at 2 and 3 g (kg soil)⁻¹ NaCl. Salinity decreased SOD activities and increased POD activities, and inoculated Pseudomonas sp. DW1 had an increase effect on SOD activity in the leaves of eggplants. Alteration of mineral uptake and increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities may be two mechanisms for the alleviation of salt stress. Based on the results of the experiment reported herein, the use of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium treatment may provide a means of facilitating plant growth under salt stress.