Dissolved oxygen controls summer habitat of Clear Lake Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda chi), an imperilled potamodromous cyprinid

Clear Lake Hitch is an imperilled minnow endemic to Clear Lake, Lake County, California, United States listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act (ESA) and a candidate for listing under the United States ESA. It exhibits a potamodromous life cycle whereby adults, which reach up to 6 + years in age and over 350 mm in length, migrate into Clear Lake's ephemeral tributaries briefly during spring to spawn. Conservation and management of Clear Lake Hitch is inhibited, in part, by a lack of information on the lacustrine habitat of nonbreeding individuals within Clear Lake. To address this problem, we sampled Clear Lake Hitch with gill nets in a stratified random sampling design to determine the distribution and habitat associations in early summer 2017 and 2018. We identified abundance-habitat relationships for juveniles and adults using Bayesian zero-inflated negative binomial generalised linear mixed modelling. Results indicated that dissolved oxygen concentration was the most important habitat feature measured; juveniles and adults were substantially more abundant in normoxic (≥2 mg/l) than in hypoxic (<2 mg/l) habitat. Both also exhibited weak positive relationships with chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting relatively productive habitats may support higher numbers of Clear Lake Hitch. Spatially, juveniles were most abundant in nearshore habitats while adults were ubiquitous, indicating an ontogenetic habitat expansion that may be associated with a resource availability-predation risk trade-off. Management actions undertaken to improve hypoxia problems in Clear Lake would also improve Clear Lake Hitch habitat.     

福建省储藏物螨类调查

对福建省２７个县、市、区的１１０个单位的储藏物进行螨类的种类、分布、危害及人出率帛样调查研究,查清了福建省储藏物螨类种类５７种,录属３个亚目,１９个科,３６个属。其中属国内瓣记录７种,常见优势螨９种,主要害螨４种。其分布广,遍布全省。危害储藏物达４５种,且较严重。     

蝴蝶多样性与地形相关性研究——以大峪流域为例

蝴蝶物种丰富度是蝴蝶多样性研究的热点之一,以大峪流域的蝴蝶为研究对象,借助GIS技术,结合数字高程模型（DEM）数据,研究了大峪流域内的蝴蝶多样性沿海拔梯度分布格局,及其与地形复杂度之间的关系。结果表明：随着海拔的升高,蝴蝶的科、属、种丰富度和密度均呈逐渐降低的趋势;蝴蝶的丰富度和密度与地形复杂度成正相关,随地形复杂度的降低而降低。     

无孔小咽属线虫2个新记录种的报道

2008年在采集到的胶南市蓝莓(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)根际土中,分离鉴定出无孔小咽属2个中国新记录种,分别为非同无孔小咽线虫Aporcelaimellus alius和食淀粉无孔小咽线虫A.amylovorus。其中,非同无孔小咽线虫A.alius的鉴定特征是雌虫虫体强壮,唇区缢缩明显,角质层由明显的两层组成,阴唇骨化明显,尾长是肛门处体宽的0.7～0.8倍;食淀粉无孔小咽线虫A.amylovorus的鉴定特征是虫体中等,唇区缢缩明显,角质层光滑,由两层构成,雌虫阴唇骨化明显,尾长是肛门处体宽的0.9～1.1倍。     

几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

几种树种水浸液对杉木叶片硝酸还原酶的效应

采用完全随机区组设计,用马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)、木荷(Schimasuperba)、赤楠(Syzygiubuxifolium)、杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)的枝叶1∶6浓度水浸液和清水共5个不同处理浇灌盆栽的杉木幼苗,2a后对其叶片的硝酸还原酶活性进行测定。结果表明,经过几种杉木伴生种水浸液处理2a后杉木的硝酸还原酶活性比杉木水浸液及清水处理的有较大程度的提高,其中经过马尾松水浸液处理的杉木叶片的硝酸还原酶活性最高,而经杉木枝叶水浸液处理的硝酸还原酶活性最低。     

Plant functional types rather than climate or soil determine leaf traits in the forest biomes of eastern China

Nitrogen (N) has great ecological importance, but the biogeographic pattern across forest biomes in China has only recently been explored. Here we conducted a systematic census of leaf C and N following the same protocol to explore the variations of leaf traits, and their possible responses to plant functional types (PFTs) and environmental factors. Results showed that leaf traits varied substantially across biomes, and the relationships of PFTs to climatic factors were stronger than those of PFTs versus soil nutrient proxies, indicating that plant species composition might be a better predictor of plant species distribution with climate than leaf traits. Soil nutrient proxies explained more variation of leaf traits than climate, which demonstrates that leaf traits reflect important aspects of plant responses to soil nutrients. Importantly, partial general linear models analyses found that PFTs showed the greatest direct influence for leaf traits, and climate and soil affected leaf traits mainly through the change in plant species composition rather than having direct impacts. Hence, we concluded that leaf traits were largely controlled by PFTs rather than climate or soil at the biome scale. The results favored the species composition hypothesis, indicating that leaf nutrient concentration is mainly determined by PFTs.     

河南省珍贵用材树种的现状、问题与发展对策

通过阐述河南省珍贵用材树种的发展现状,分析了当前珍贵树种培育中存在的问题,提出了今后河南省发展珍贵树种的对策和建议。     

Insect herbivores and pathogens of Alnus species in Uganda

Published documentation of insect pests and pathogens associated with Alnus species in Africa is very scarce. We surveyed damaging insects and pathogens, and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus acuminata and A. nepalensis in Kabale and Mbale districts, Uganda between March 1999 and August 2000 in order to identify the range and relative abundance of arthropods and pathogens associated with the Alnus species. Frequently encountered damaging insects on the Alnus species included Apis mellifera, Apion globulipenne, a Systates sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phymateus viridipes, a Lobotrachelus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Coloborrtics corticina and some Chrysomelidae. Some species such as Aphis fabae, Parastictococcus multispinosus and a Cacopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were observed feeding on other agroforestry tree species and/or crops although they generally occurred at low population intensities. Spiders and parasitic Hymenoptera were the most common natural enemies. Diseases were more severe in nurseries than in the field. Damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria brown leaf spot and stem canker were the most serious diseases of Alnus. The array of damaging insects and pathogens indicates a potential danger to the cultivation of Alnus species in Uganda as adoption of the species for agroforestry continues to expand in the country. In view of the increasing demand for Alnus species for agroforestry in Uganda, regular pest monitoring and appropriate control strategies are necessary.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于高通量测序白及根部内生真菌的物种组成分析

从云南省南华县采集不同地理位置的白及植株样品共3个（HCN 1、HCN 2、HCN 3）,并记录和采集样品区域的生境和根部土壤。通过高通量测序技术,分析白及根部内生真菌物种组成差异,进而对白及根部内生真菌中有益菌株进行筛选。研究表明：Phyllosticta sp.,Erysiphe sp.,Podosphaera sp.,Glomerella cingulata,Aspergillus sp.,Rhodosporidium diobovatum,Sterigmatomyces halophilus在各采样点的物种组成差异明显。白及根部内生真菌中,Phyllosticta sp.,Erysiphe sp.,Podosphaera sp.,Glomerella cingulata是病原菌,Aspergillus sp.,Rhodosporidium diobovatum,Sterigmatomyces halophilus是已明确的生防菌,白及植株根部并未表现出明显的患病特征,与同时存在具有生防功能的菌属丰度之间有着密切联系。采样距离、地理位置差异、土壤理化性质均是引起白及根部内生真菌组成差异的影响因子,其中土壤理化性质是白及根部内生真菌物种组成差异的主要影响因素。