短紫外线处理对冬枣果实腐烂和品质的影响

以沾化冬枣为试料,研究了不同剂量(1、2、3kJ/m2)短紫外线处理对冬枣采后低温保鲜的效果。结果表明:1kJ/m2短波紫外线照射处理效果最佳,可有效提高冬枣贮藏期间可溶性固形物含量,抑制硬度下降,减缓维生素C的消耗,保持冬枣中还原糖的含量,降低枣果的转红指数及腐烂率,延缓果实成熟。     

利用核磁共振自由感应衰减曲线测定木材含水率

为定量测定木材含水率,以水分子中的质子为探针,利用核磁共振技术探究木材内部水分的变化情况。通过对胡桃木、红橡木和水曲柳解吸过程中,水分变化的核磁共振自由感应衰减曲线（FID）进行分析,发现木材的含水率与核磁共振的FID信号量高度线性相关,相关系数均超过0.99;因此,可以通过建立含水率与核磁共振FID信号的标准曲线实现木材含水率的核磁共振定量测量。同时,可以根据绝干木材的核磁共振FID信号量比较不同材种基本密度的大小。      

杨梅采后保鲜技术研究进展

分析了杨梅采后变质的主要内外因,综述了低温保鲜、气调保鲜、保鲜剂保鲜以及涂膜保鲜等国内外杨梅保鲜技术研究的最新进展,并提出了目前杨梅保鲜存在的主要问题及发展方向,为今后进一步开展杨梅采后保鲜技术的研究提供参考。     

Estimating the frequency of stem rot in Picea abies using an increment borer

The likelihood of detecting decay present in Norway spruce trees when taking bore core samples at breast height or at stump height was analyzed in two stands. The actual numbers of decayed trees were obtained after the trees were felled. More than 80% of the decay extending to breast height level was detected by taking core samples at that level. However, these core samples revealed only 40–70% of the actual amount of decay present at stump height. At stump height a higher portion of the total amount of decay present was revealed. Heterobasidion annosum was detected in 69 and 77% of the decayed trees in the two stands.

Misjudgements occurred mainly where either (i) decay was present at stump height but not at breast height or (ii) when the decay column had a lateral position. At breast height the probability of finding lateral rot columns was higher than at stump height.     

基于乙醇质量分数的草莓果实腐烂指数预测模型

为应用电子鼻快速检测草莓物流过程中果实腐烂状况,建立了一种基于乙醇质量分数的果实腐烂指数预测模型。将草莓果实贮藏于不同温度（273、278、283、288、293和298 K）下,测定其腐烂指数和乙醇质量分数的变化。首先,基于Arrhenius动力学方程建立了草莓果实乙醇质量分数与贮藏时间和温度之间的动力学预测模型;其次,基于零级反应方程式建立了腐烂指数与贮藏时间和温度之间的动力学预测模型;最后,根据果实腐烂指数和乙醇质量分数变化的线性关系,进一步建立了基于乙醇质量分数的果实腐烂指数预测模型。在275、280、285、290、295和300 K贮藏温度下对上述3个预测模型进行验证,预测的相对误差（RE）分别为0.76%、5.89% 和7.08%,预测精度较高。将基于果实乙醇质量分数的腐烂指数预测模型与传统的腐烂指数动力学预测模型进行比较,发现二者的预测精度无显著差异。因此,基于乙醇质量分数的腐烂指数预测模型可以较好地预测在273～300 K贮藏温度下草莓果实的腐烂状况,从而为应用电子鼻无损检测果实品质提供理论依据。     

木薯块根采后贮藏研究进展

木薯是三大薯类作物之一,是非洲和南美洲国家的主要口粮。由于其采后易腐烂(2～3 d)导致木薯块根的利用受到很大的限制。近年来,随着木薯生物技术研究的发展,块根采后生理的研究不断获得重大突破。对木薯块根采后贮藏的生理特性以及影响因素和主要机理进行综述,以期为木薯块根采后处理技术和木薯选育种提供参考。     

《木材天然耐腐性实验室试验方法》的修订研究

为配合GB/T 13942.1-1992<木材天然耐久性试验方法-木材天然耐庸性实验室试验方法>的修订,参照美国标准,在试验茵种中增加了密粘褶菌,同时试验用培养器皿中,增加了具螺纹盖的广口圆瓶进行试验.验证试验结果表明,可在新修定的标准中补充相关的试验内容.     

Evaluation of postharvest treatments with chemical resistance inducers to control green and blue molds on orange fruit

Preventive and curative activities of postharvest treatments with selected chemical resistance inducers to control postharvest green (GM) and blue (BM) molds on oranges (cvs. ‘Valencia’ or ‘Lanelate’) artificially inoculated with Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, were evaluated. In vivo primary screenings to select the most effective chemicals and concentrations were performed with benzothiadiazole (BTH), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), sodium silicate (SSi), salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and harpin. INA at 0.03 mM, SA at 0.25 mM, BABA at 0.3 mM and BTH at 0.9 mM were selected and tested afterwards as dips at 20 °C for 60 or 150 s with oranges artificially inoculated before or after the treatment and incubated for 7 d at 20 °C. Although it was an effective treatment, SSi at 1000 mM was discarded because of potential phytotoxicity to the fruit rind. Preventive or curative postharvest dips at room temperature had no effect or only reduced the development of GM and BM very slightly. Therefore, these treatments cannot be recommended for inclusion in postharvest decay management programs for citrus packinghouses.     

Evidence of farm-level synergies in mixed-farming systems in the Australian Wheat-Sheep Zone

Synergies are reported for mixed-enterprise farming systems in a benchmarking group in the Wheat-Sheep Zone in New South Wales, Australia. A stochastic input distance function is estimated and a measure of synergies is calculated, based on the second cross partial derivative of output variables in the distance function. Evidence is presented of strong synergies from complementarity between sheep and beef enterprises, sheep and crop enterprises, and beef and crop enterprises.     

福建酸竹笋防霉防虫保鲜技术研究

竹笋特别是富有营养的福建酸竹笋,挖出后容易进一步老化、腐烂,而且容易产生虫害,严重影响鲜笋保鲜加工乃至直接上市,用其制作价格较高的净菜上市尤其困难;本试验用杀青、低盐、高能γ射线辐照、冷藏对其进行防霉防虫保鲜试验发现：经杀青、低盐、辐照综合处理的竹笋,可在３～５℃下冷藏４４ｄ不霉变、不长虫,比鲜笋直接冷藏延长保鲜期３０ｄ;鲜笋不宜直接辐射处理;为福建酸竹笋的保藏、加工和远销提供了科学依据．