黑龙江省植物物种及其保护概况

黑龙江省共有三个植物区,植物区系成分比较复杂,有多种多样的生态系统,植物物种非常丰富。目前,黑龙江省共有维管束植物185科92属2503种,种类较多的科依次是:菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)等。但由于生境的破坏,我们黑龙江省每年都有一定数量的植物灭绝或处于灭绝的边缘,这要求我们对它们加以保护,主要方法有:就地保护、迁地保护等,不但对物种进行保护,更重要的是保护其生态系统。     

白蜡树属树种的园林应用探讨

目前对城市环境的要求越来越高,而提高环境质量的诸因素中,搞好园林绿化是最直接最有效的措施。构成园林绿化的主要材料是园林植物,其主体是树木。作为1个城市,当然是园林树木品种越多,越能构成丰富多彩的园林空间。但是由于地域、气候、科技、经济与自然因素和人为因素的制约,园林树木品种的利用也受到了限制。园林树种的选择不仅要适合本土生长,还要形成地方特色和风格。     

Ground-layer plant community responses to even-age and uneven-age silvicultural treatments in Wisconsin northern hardwood forests

We evaluated ground-layer plant diversity and community composition in northern hardwood forests among uncut controls and stands managed with even-age or uneven-age silvicultural systems. Even-age treatments included diameter-limit cuttings (20-cm diameter at 30-cm stem height) in 1952 and shelterwood removals in 1964. Uneven-age treatments included three intensities of selection harvest (light, 20.6 m²/ha residual basal area after harvest; medium, 17.2 m²/ha residual basal area; and heavy, 13.8 m²/ha residual basal area) that were applied in 1952, 1962, 1972, and 1982. All treatments were winter logged over snow pack. In 1991, plant diversity and community composition were examined. Species richness for spring ephemerals ranged from 1 to 6 species/150-m², spring ephemeral diversity (Shannon's Index of Diversity) averaged 0.57 ± 0.04 and evenness averaged 0.45 ± 0.03. Summer flowering species richness ranged from 1 to 18 species/1-m², with an average diversity of 0.71 ± 0.07 and evenness of 0.42 ± 0.03. We found no significant differences among treatments for any of these variables, although power to detect a difference (at p = 0.05) was low in all cases (0.15–0.55) due to high variance and low replication. Community composition was not significantly different among the treatments, for either spring (p = 0.09) or summer (p = 0.79) flora. Few exotic species were found in any treatment. Lack of exotic invasions and minimal differences in plant diversity or composition among treatments may be due, in part, to the negligible amount of soil disturbance that resulted from winter logging. While other (unmeasured) ecosystem components may differ among these silvicultural treatments, our results suggest that ground-layer plant communities in northern hardwood ecosystems are either resistant to change or have recovered within the 40 years since disturbance in the even-age treatments and within 10 years since disturbance in the uneven-age treatments.     

基于Labview的植物红光吸收动态监测

为了动态监测植物生长过程中对红光的吸收,提出了一种基于Labview光频转换接收探头透射法实时监测植物红光吸收的检测方案,该方案属于无损检测,具有操作安全、简便的特点。     

植物生长调节剂GGR8在寒富苹果栽培上的应用

通过对绿色植物生长调节剂GGR8号在寒富苹果栽培上的应用进行的试验研究,结果表明:GGR8能够提高寒富苹果的品质,20、40、60 mg·kg-1等3种施用浓度在新梢生长量、含糖量、硬度方面均比对照有所提高,尤以60 mg·kg-1的施用浓度应用效果最好,其新梢生长量达到了36.7 cm,比对照增加9.3 cm;单果质量达到了240 g,比对照增加了95 g;含糖量达到了15%,比对照提高3个百分点;硬度达到了9.5 kg·cm-2,比对照增加了1.1 kg·cm-2。     

城市园林绿化中植物生态配置研究

从分析我国城市园林植物配置的现状出发,阐述了园林植物生态配置的内涵、特点和原则,提出了园林植物生态配置应以构建人工顶级植物群落为园林设计"立意在先"的基础、以地带性植物作为绿化植物材料选择的依据、以模仿植物的自然组合作为园林植物的主要配置形式等三个方面来合理地配置植物,使城市园林绿化达到最佳的综合效果。     

福州沙滩公园植物群落与绿量相关性分析

通过样方调查将福州沙滩公园木本植物群落划分为8种类型,应用生态学方法计算24个群落的特征值和群落三维绿量,通过逐步回归分析各群落特征值与群落三维绿量的关系,确定影响群落三维绿量的主要因素。结果表明,群落乔木层平均冠高、优势种平均树高、乔木层平均胸径和Shannon-Winner多样性指数是影响三维绿量的主要因子。另外,公园中的8种人工群落乔灌层结构不尽合理,层次不够明显,公园绿化的植物种类较单一,物种丰富度较低。     

安徽广德优良竹类种质资源异地收集保存库建设

竹类种质资源是竹产业发展的基础,也是生物多样性保护的前提。为了收集和保护安徽省的竹类种质资源,广德县林科所承担了"广德优良竹类种质资源异地收集保存库建设"项目。项目共收集保存竹子20属222种,保存各类活体竹株30余万株;同时,开展了相关竹类生物学特性和适应性等系列研究,为优良竹种资源的开发利用奠定了基础。     

Scientific analysis of indigenous techniques for guggal （Commiphora wightii） tapping in India

Guggal, a threatened species that is endemic to western India, is tapped to extract medicinally important oleo–gum–resin(guggul). However, the plant dies after gum exudation. The indigenous tapping techniques used by local people were examined in Gujarat, India to discover the scientific basis behind these techniques: selection of gum inducer, season of tapping, and plant parts to be tapped. First, the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. commiphorae(Xac) in the gum suspension used for tapping was established. This bacterium induces gum oozing from the tapped plants and later, causes them to die off. The population of Xac in gum was found to decrease with the age of the gum. With that, fresh gum increased the tapping success. Second, local people preferred tapping during the warm season, which we validated by determining that Xac growth was best at 30 °C. Tapping during September(mean temperature 25.7–30.0 °C) clearly favoured growth of the pathogen and yielded maximum guggul. Multiple tapping on a mature tree ensured maximum gum extraction before its death. Finally, application of indigenous technology under natural plant stands by the local people ensured availability of this important raw drug for consumption. Our study established that the age–old traditional methods have a strong scientific basis. However, it is imperative to formulate strategies based on contemporary scientific understanding to protect this natural resource before it becomes extinct.     

几种室内观赏植物对甲醛的吸收能力

选用15种常用室内观赏植物为试材,采用室内模拟试验,以熏气12 h后植物单位叶面积吸收甲醛的量、叶绿素含量、植物细胞膜透性和丙二醛含量为指标,评价不同植物对甲醛气体的净化能力.结果表明,15种植物均可以有效吸收甲醛,单位面积吸收量前3位的为虎皮兰、绿萝、樱花吊兰;各种观赏植物对甲醛的耐受性均存在差异.