Potentially Beneficial Effects on Healthy Aging by Supplementation of the EPA-Rich Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum or Its Supernatant—A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial in Elderly Individuals

Dietary supplements that promote healthy aging are mostly warranted in an aging society. Because of age-related risks, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents such as microalgae are potential candidates for intervention. In a randomized controlled trial, we tested Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT), a microalgae rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), carotenoids, vitamins, and β-glucans, cultured in bioreactors. In this pilot trial, 19 healthy elderly received supplements for two weeks based on either the whole PT (A), the β-1,3-glucan-rich PT supernatant (SupB), the combination thereof (A+SupB), or a Comparator product (Comp). The primary outcome variable plasma interleukin-6 was reduced after treatment with A+SupB compared to the Comp group (p = 0.04). The mobility parameters 5 s sit-to-stand test (p = 0.04 in the A group) and by trend gait speed (p = 0.08 in the A+SupB diet) were improved compared to Comp. No treatment effects were observed for fatty acids, compared to Comp but omega-6 to -3 fatty acid ratio (p = 0.006) and arachidonic acid/EPA ratio (p = 0.006) were reduced within group A+SupB. Further, the SupB study product reduced faecal zonulin (p = 0.03) compared to the Comp. The data revealed an anti-inflammatory and potentially anti-oxidative effect of particular PT preparations, suggesting that they might be suitable for effects in healthy elderly.     

氮磷配施对旱地春小麦水分利用效率及水肥交互作用的影响

通过盆栽和多年田间定位试验,系统研究了旱地春小麦水肥交互效应和氮磷配施对土壤水分有效利用、作物蒸腾和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,盆栽试验中水肥交互作用增产效果明显,水、肥利用效率分别提高124%和28.6%.在本试验水平下,水肥单位用量的产量互补效益为471.5∶7.0,即水肥主次效应的转换阈值为17.4%.当水分合量为19.7%,总施肥量为247.4 kg/hm2时(N:P2O3=1∶0.75),最高收入达4 970.0元/hm2.小麦收获时,施肥使0～200 cm土层有效水分利用率从44.9%提高到54.2%.N60P45、N120P90和N180P135处理较对照,蒸腾分别增加22.7、38.0和47.8 mm,蒸傲比值分别提高0.04、0.07和0.08,较对照籽粒蒸腾效率分别提高0.08、0.24和0.14 g/kg.氪磷配施提高了土壤有效水分的利用、作物的蒸腾效率和水分利用效率,提高作物的经济产量.因此,合理施肥是提高作物水分利用效率和农业生产水平的重要措施.     

艾比湖流域绿洲稳定性研究

20世纪50年代以来,艾比湖流域绿洲荒漠化过程加剧,绿洲萎缩,稳定性严重失衡。由于绿洲是一个典型的灰色系统。因此,文章在探讨了基于水资源、土壤资源和植被资源表征下艾比湖流域绿洲稳定性变化机理的基础上,利用灰色系统理论的方法对绿洲稳定性的驱动机制进行了研究,诊断并分析了各影响因子在不同表征下对绿洲稳定性的贡献作用大小。结果表明:绿洲内外过度的人为活动是稳定性变化的主导驱动因素,为拓展绿洲学研究的新思路提供了有益的探索。     

引江济淮工程菜子湖线有机磷农药分布特征及生态风险评价

选取引江济淮工程重要的输水线之一菜子湖线为研究区域,检测分析了12种有机磷农药(organophosphorus pesticides, OPPs)在沿线水和沉积物中的污染水平、分布特征及生态环境风险,以更好地评估引江济淮工程菜子湖线水域农药类环境激素的污染及生态风险情况。结果表明：水体中OPPs的总质量浓度为112.8～1 781.4 ng/L,主要以溴硫磷、三硫磷和灭线磷为主;沉积物中OPPs的总浓度范围为290.33～13 105.25 ng/g,主要以灭线磷、治螟磷和毒虫畏为主。相对于我国其他水域,引江济淮工程菜子湖线水和沉积物中OPPs的主要污染物类别差异较大。水体中OPPs生态风险评估结果表明,溴硫磷、三硫磷和毒虫畏在菜子湖线全域均表现出较高生态风险(RQ>1),C、D、H和K这4个站点OPPs风险较高(RQ>10 000),敌敌畏和治螟磷在大部分水域表现出中等(0.1相似文献   

秋甘蓝新品种秋甘5 号的选育

秋甘5 号是以CMS021 胞质雄性不育系为母本,以自交系95077-7-A1-B6-2-5 为父本配制
而成的秋甘蓝一代杂种。中熟,从定植到收获80 d（天）左右。植株生长势强,株型开展,开展度66.7
cm,外叶14 片,叶色灰绿,叶面蜡粉中,叶缘有轻波纹,无缺刻。叶球绿色、紧实度0.57,扁圆形,球
高13.6 cm,横径23.6 cm,中心柱长6.1 cm,小于球高的1/2,单球质量2～3 kg,质地脆嫩,味甘甜,耐
裂球,耐热,高抗枯萎病,抗病毒病（TuMV）、黑腐病,一般每667 m ² 产量5 000 kg 左右,适于华北、华南、
西北、西南等地种植。     

入侵害虫芒果壮铗普瘿蚊对5种芒果挥发物的电生理反应和行为选择

芒果壮铗普瘿蚊（Procontarinia robusta）是我国外来危险性入侵害虫,坚硬的瘿壳导致药剂防治困难。植食性昆虫主要通过触角接收植物挥发物选择寄主,本研究采用触角电位联用仪（EAG）和“Y”型嗅觉仪观察瘿蚊成虫对芒果叶片挥发物成分（α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、α-石竹烯、异松油烯、乙酸乙酯）的电生理反应和行为选择,结果显示：EAG反应值大小排序依次为α-蒎烯>3-莰烯>α-石竹烯>异松油烯>乙酸乙酯,α-蒎烯处理组显著高于其他挥发物。虽然雌虫对于α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、α-石竹烯3种物质的EAG反应值比雄虫的高,但是雌雄之间对同一挥发物差异不显著（P<0.05）。行为选择结果显示：对瘿蚊吸引率高低依次为：3-莰烯>乙酸乙酯>α-石竹烯>α-蒎烯>异松油烯;3-莰烯对瘿蚊的吸引率最高,达到74.20%,显著高于α-蒎烯和异松油烯,乙酸乙酯吸引率次之,达到66.07%;异松油酯的趋避性最高,达到74.25%,显著高于其他挥发物。实验中也显示浓度阈值现象,α-蒎烯在浓度0.5 mL/L和1 mL/L浓度范围内有显著的趋避效果,在高于或低于此范围内的其他浓度引诱率和趋避率差异不显著。α-石竹烯高浓度（1.0 mL/L and 2.0 mL/L）对芒果壮铗普瘿蚊有显著引诱作用,3-莰烯和α-石竹烯处理组随着浓度的升高对瘿蚊的引诱率增加。研究结果为阐释瘿蚊入侵机理提供理论依据,为开发引诱剂或趋避剂提供技术支撑。     

试论档案价值鉴定工作的几个"误区"

由于我国档案价值鉴定理论和观念的长期滞后,导致人们在认识上存在许多“误区”。一、对“丰富馆藏”的理解片面,效益观念淡漠;二、忽略了对永久、长期档案的价值鉴定;三、档案价值鉴定是否重要是由档案数量的多少来决定的;四、鉴定难,销毁更难。文章详细探讨了产生这些“误区”的原因,以及由此带来的负面效应,并提出了正确的认识和今后努力的方向。     

种植模式与施磷深度对蚕豆群体冠层结构及其产量的影响

在小区试验与大田生产试验条件下,采用三个种植密度(12 000株·667m-2,13 000株·667m-2,14000株·667m-2)、两个留苗方式(一穴单株,一穴双株)及三个施磷深度(10 cm,15 cm,20 cm)处理,通过裂区试验研究了高产蚕豆群体冠层结构指标及其对产量的影响,结果表明,13 000株·667m-2、15 cm施磷深度、双株三角留苗种植模式下,盛花期蚕豆群体叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值,主根长均维持在较高水平,冠层结构较优,产量最高,达到275.2 kg·667m-2;生产试验显示,"一穴双株"能有效提高蚕豆结荚率,提高产量,较常规栽培增产14%以上。提出以"深松增密,减穴加距,中层施磷"为主要内容的蚕豆高产栽培技术。     

Effects of structural and depositional crusts on soil erosion on the Loess Plateau of China

Conventional tillage practices used on the Loess Plateau lead to different soil surface micro-topography which results in forming two types of soil crusts. The objective of this study was to explore the formation position, properties and erosion characteristics of structural crusts and depositional crusts under the influences of the microtopography in the rainfall experiments. Two simulated rainstorms were applied in the experiments. The first rainfall event was used for soil crust formation, then the following simulated rainfall storms at 40 mm h^?1, 60 mm h^?1, and 80 mm h^?1 rates were applied to the soil boxes set to a 17.6% (10°) slope under three tillage types (contour tillage, artificial digging, and straight slope conditions) to investigate the resulting runoff discharge rate and sediment yield on crusted soil surface. Results show that: (1) structural crusts formed on the mounds, and depositional crusts formed in the depressions after the first rainfall events; structural crusts exhibit a lower thickness, bulk density, higher porosity and shear strength than depositional crusts; (2) structural crusts increased the runoff yield less and decreased the sediment yield more than depositional crusts; and (3) the runoff yield was significantly greater, and the sediment yield was lower on the crusted soil surface than that on the uncrusted soil surface, regardless of the effect of the tillage treatments.     

Effects of mutations in Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits on sensitivity to insecticides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Several strains of Drosophila melanogaster possess mutant alleles in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, Dα1 and Dβ2 that confer resistance to neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and nitenpyram, and Dα6, that confers resistance to spinosyns. These mutant strains were bioassayed with a selected set of nAChR active insecticides including neonicotinoids, spinosad, and sulfoxaflor, a new sulfoximine insecticide. All of the neonicotinoids examined, except dinotefuran showed reduced insecticidal efficacy on larvae of the Dα1 mutant, suggesting that this subunit may be important in the action of these insecticides. All of the neonicotinoids, including dinotefuran, showed reduced insecticidal efficacy on larvae possessing the Dβ2 mutation. A similar pattern of broad neonicotinoid resistance to that of Dβ2 alone was also observed for larvae with both the mutations (Dα1 + Dβ2). The Dβ2 mutation exhibited a lower level of cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor (<3-fold) than to any of the neonicotinoids (>13-fold). In contrast, there was no cross-resistance for any of the neonicotinoids or sulfoxaflor in adult flies with the Dα6 mutation, which confers high levels of resistance to spinosad. Thus in the D. melanogaster strains studied, target site resistance observed for the neonicotinoids and the spinosyns does not translate directly to resistance towards sulfoxaflor.