保健食品现状及前景

随着经济的迅速发展,人民生活水平的提高,居民健康问题给保健食品行业带来了极大的机遇和挑战。     

Marker‐assisted backcross breeding to combine multiple rust resistance in wheat

A widely grown but rust susceptible Indian wheat variety HD2932 was improved for multiple rust resistance by marker‐assisted transfer of genes Lr19, Sr26 and Yr10. Foreground and background selection processes were practised to transfer targeted genes with the recovery of the genome of HD2932. The near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of HD2932 carrying Lr19, Sr26 and Yr10 were individually produced from two backcrosses with recurrent parent HD2932. Marker‐assisted background selection of NILs with 94.38–98.46% of the HD2932 genome facilitated rapid recovery of NILs carrying Lr19, Sr26 and Yr10. In the BC₂F₂ generation, NILs were intercrossed and two gene combinations of Lr19+Yr10, Sr26 + Yr10 and Lr19+Sr26 were produced. A total of 16 progeny of two gene combinations of homozygous NILs of HD2932 have been produced, which are under seed increase for facilitating the replacement of the susceptible HD2932 with three of the sixteen improved backcross lines with resistance to multiple rusts.     

再生稻产量形成的生理生态特性与关键栽培技术的研究与展望

本文介绍了目前我国再生稻的发展现状,从发育遗传和生理生态角度综述了近年来再生稻产量形成的研究进展,提出采用人工收割高留桩栽培再生稻时,选择头季分蘖力相对较弱、再生季再生力强的重穗型杂交籼稻品种(组合)易获高产;而采用机械化收割低留桩栽培再生稻时,选择具强低位芽再生力的杂交籼稻品种或感光性弱的重穗型杂交粳稻品种(组合)、籼粳交水稻品种(组合)易获高产。头季成熟期至再生季齐穗期根系活力的强弱,直接影响再生季产量的高低,再生季稻高产的前提是健壮的头季根系和一定数量新生根系的有效结合,这有利于促进腋芽的萌发成苗、增加每平方米穗数,是再生稻高产增产的关键。在此基础上,提出适时早播、畦栽沟灌、二次烤田、重施促芽肥、适高留桩的人工收割高留桩再生稻栽培技术,并从品种选择、再生季施肥、留桩高度等方面探讨了机械化收割低留桩蓄留再生稻的关键栽培技术及生理生态机制。最后提出了我国再生稻发展亟待解决的几个问题,认为当前轻简化的机收低留桩再生稻是我国再生稻发展的方向,并对机收低留桩再生稻的进一步研究作了展望。     

杨小舟蛾成虫和蛹自然发育进度研究

采用灯诱成虫和地面化蛹进度调查的方法,系统监测了1998,1999年杨小舟蛾成虫和2010年成虫及蛹的自然发育进度.结果表明:春季气温变化可显著影响越冬代和第1代成虫羽化高峰期的出现及第1,2代害虫的生长发育速度;降雨量偏多可导致害虫发育历期延长,种群数量显著下降;夏季异常气候会引起害虫种群数量发生显著变化,干旱高温的...     

蚕豆种皮的发育生物学 Ⅰ.种皮干物质和单宁的动态变化

研究了6个种皮单宁含量不同的蚕豆品种,发现高、低单宁品种间,在籽粒发育过程中种皮干物质和单宁含量的变化有明显的差异。这个发育过程可分为合成期和分解期。依据品种在单宁合成期和分解期变化的差异,可将蚕豆品种分为四种类型,其中种皮单宁缓慢合成快速分解型是低单宁品种。发育过程中,种皮单宁含量与种皮干物质量呈显著正相关。     

科学发展观的人学思考

党的十六届三中全会明确提出的科学发展观使人成为社会发展的目标主体,反映了人类在发展理论上的不断深化.科学发展观的提出内含着深刻的人学思考.马克思主义人学理论为科学发展观的提出提供了理论根据.正因为科学发展观以马克思主义人学理论为指导,注重以人为本,才彰显了其科学性.也正是得益于坚实的马克思主义人学基础,科学发展观达到了对经济社会发展问题的新的更高的认识境界.     

巴氏钝绥螨发育起点温度与有效积温

在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃五种恒温、湿度72%,光照L∶D=12∶12的人工气候箱中,测定巴氏钝绥螨的发育历期.结果表明:随温度升高,发育历期逐渐缩短.巴氏钝绥螨卵、幼螨、前若螨、后若螨、产卵前期、世代的发育起点温度分别为18.07℃、12.65℃、13.66℃、13.25℃、15.85℃、11.90℃;有效积温分别为:11.57、10.95、23.08、20.90、24.20和126.87日·度.根据有效积温法则预测巴氏钝绥螨在南昌地区的发生代数为21代.     

农业科技信息共享在中国-东盟合作中的功能及发展对策

通过分析探讨农业科技信息共享在中国-东盟合作中的功能,并结合中国-东盟合作框架下农业科技信息化建设的现状,提出了中国-东盟农业科技信息共享的发展对策。     

大白菜发育过程中可溶性蛋白质的变化

通过对３个不同抽薹期类型大白菜品种在不同发育时期体内可溶性蛋白质种类和水平变化的研究，得到：Ｐ８（Ｒｆ＝０．４８２）和Ｐ１１（Ｒｆ＝０．６２０）出现在植株的花芽分化过程中，而Ｐ１５（Ｒｆ＝０．４４８）和Ｐ１６（Ｒｆ＝０．４１６）出现在花茎分化时期；整个发育时期体内的共同蛋白Ｐ５（Ｒｆ＝０．６４５）和Ｐ６（Ｒｆ＝０．５７５）水平在花芽分化开始时达到最大，随后逐渐降低，直至抽薹后又有回升；不同大白菜品种间在发育过程中，其体内可溶性蛋白质无质的区别，在同一发育时期，所有可溶性蛋白水平均表现出大白菜品种夏丰＞日清＞黄点心的结果     

Life cycle of Caligus rogercresseyi, (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasite of Chilean reared salmonids

Caligus rogercresseyi, [Contrib. Zool. 69 (2000) 137] is the only caligid known to affect the salmon industry in Southern Chile. Economic losses due to reduced fish quality, cost of chemical treatment and outbreaks of other diseases such as the Piscirickettsiosis occur. The life cycle of C. rogercresseyi is described in rainbow trout reared in seawater tanks from observations made under natural conditions of light and temperature between January 1997 and April 1998. Fish were infected with laboratory-cultured larvae obtained from ovigerous females. Rainbow trout were periodically slaughtered for parasite collection and identification. C. rogercresseyi life cycle includes the following stages: two nauplius, one copepodid, four chalimus and the adult. No preadult stage was observed. Timing of the different stages of development was directly dependent on water temperature. The maturation of the eggs or the time for a complete life cycle took place at 45 days in July at 10.3 °C, 31–32 days in April at 12.4 and 12.8 °C, respectively, and at 26 days in November at 15.2 °C. In January, at 16.7 °C, only the appearance of first eggs were observed at 18 days. A simple degree–day (dd) model is proposed for each developmental stage between 4 and 17 °C, where the development rate is a linear function of the average temperature of water. Using this degree–day model, the proportion of fourth stage chalimus was maximum at 172 dd of effective temperature, adult males at 193 degree–days, adult females at 208 dd. The minimum temperature threshold is at 4.2 °C where there is no development of the parasite. The appearance of first eggs occurred at 231 dd and the first pigmented eggs at 277 dd. The temperature-independent degree–days value allowed to predict the timing of C. rogercresseyi life cycle at any temperature within the evaluated range.