福建省光诱敷网作业发展前景及管理研究

福建省的光诱鱿鱼敷网作业是福建省渔民在近十几年发展起来的一种用来专门捕捞枪乌贼的新型渔具.它具有投资少、生产费用低、劳动强度小、捕捞效率好、经济效益高等优点.目前其捕捞枪乌贼的产量已占所有作业捕捞枪乌贼产量的三分之二以上.然而,近年来,由于该作业的迅速发展,也带来了如诱集枪乌贼的灯光强度过大,渔获物中的幼鱼比例增多,渔场矛盾等问题.为了科学有效管理该作业,本文通过收集有关资料,整理分析,提出促进光诱鱿鱼敷网作业可持续发展的一些建议.     

豆天蛾2个种群生命表参数比较

豆天蛾是大豆生产上的暴发性害虫,但其本身也是一种极具开发潜力的蛋白资源。通过对比在不同温度影响下豆天蛾2个地理种群的发育历期和生命参数,并应用Jackknife技术统计分析。结果表明:海南种群蛹的发育历期为18.60~32.67 d,江苏种群蛹的发育历期为126.46~318.33 d,造成2个种群全世代的发育历期相差数倍;豆天蛾2个种群的存活率都在25℃时达到最高值,海南种群为71.42%,江苏种群为90.00%;在28℃条件下饲养豆天蛾海南种群具有最高的rm值为1.083 5。本研究找出适合人工饲养的最佳种群及人工饲养的最佳温度,这将对解决供不应求的市场难题提供理论支持。     

Association of racing performance with specific abnormal radiographic findings in Thoroughbred yearlings sold in Texas

The objective of this prospective study was to determine the association between presence of abnormal radiographic findings attributed to orthopedic disorders of development (ARF) with subsequent performance among yearlings in Texas. The study population was 348 yearlings offered for sale at the Texas Summer Yearling Sale during 2002 and 2003 for which presale radiographs of limbs were available for review. Radiographs of yearlings were reviewed and presence of ARF were recorded. Additionally, the following data were recorded for each horse: identifiers [name of dam, name of sire, hip number, and name (when available)], year of sale, state of birth, and sales price. Subsequent performance data were obtained for each horse at the conclusion of their 2^nd and 3^rd years of life. Results indicated that no ARF was significantly associated with performance outcomes. Lesions of the proximal dorsal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the 3^rd metacarpus/metatarsus resulted in significantly lower sales prices than either horses without this ARF or horses without any ARF. In conclusion, multiple radiographic abnormalities of Thoroughbred yearlings were not associated with reduced performance during the first 2 years of the racing careers of horses studied. Presence of some abnormalities, however, may be associated with reduced sales price.     

Prematurity and Dysmaturity Are Associated With Reduced Height and Shorter Distal Limb Length in Horses

The long-term effects of gestational immaturity in the premature (defined as < 320 days gestation) and dysmature (normal term but showing some signs of prematurity) foal have not been thoroughly investigated. Studies have reported that a high percentage of gestationally immature foals with related orthopedic issues such as incomplete ossification may fail to fulfill their intended athletic purpose, particularly in Thoroughbred racing. In humans, premature birth is associated with shorter stature at maturity and variations in anatomical ratios, linked to alterations in metabolism and timing of physeal closure in the long bones. We hypothesized that gestational immaturity in horses might similarly be associated with reduced height and different anatomical ratios at maturity. In this preliminary study, the skeletal ratios of horses with a history of gestational immaturity, identified through veterinary and breeder records, were compared with those of unaffected, closely related horses (i.e., sire, dam, sibling). External measurements were taken from conformation photographs of cases (n = 19) and related horses (n = 28), and these were then combined into indices to evaluate and compare metric properties of conformation. A principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components account for 43.8% of the total conformational variation of the horses’ external features, separating horses with a rectangular conformation (body length > height at the withers), from those that are more square (body length = height at the withers). Varimax rotation of PC1 and analysis of different gestational groups showed a significant effect of gestational immaturity (P = .001), with the premature group being more affected than the dysmature group (P = .009, P = .012). Mean values for the four dominant indices showed that these groups have significantly lower distal limb to body length relationships than controls. The observed differences suggest that gestational immaturity may affect anatomical ratios at maturity, which, in combination with orthopedic issues arising from incomplete ossification, may have a further impact on long-term athletic potential.     

植物源杀虫剂对夜蛾科害虫的作用研究进展

针对滥用化学农药造成的污染和残留问题,阐明了植物源杀虫剂研究开发的必要性和广阔前景,并主要介绍了研究较多的三个科杀虫植物杀虫活性物质的类型、有效成分、作用机理及对夜蛾科害虫作用研究的进展.     

同工酶与动物发生遗传学

本文对同工酶与动物发生遗传学各自的形成、发展以及二者的结合等问题作了概括的阐述。     

山西省农村体育现状及发展趋势的研究

本文通过对山西省１１个地市８２５８名２０岁以上的农民进行了６７项问卷调查，内容涉及农民的体育意识、体育兴趣、体育价值取向、人均收入、体育投入、体育活动内容和形式等方面，探讨了山西省农民体育的现状。依据社会学的基本理论，运用逻辑分析法，对影响农民体育活动的因素进行了全面分析，阐述了山西省农村体育的发展趋势。文中反映的问题，对实施全民健身计划，体育宏观决策，具有重要的意义。     

Studies on the Developmental Genetics of Tiller Number in Three-line Indica Hybrid Rice

Following NC Ⅱ design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage.Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.     

转矩传感器发展现状

介绍了国内外振弦式，应变式，磁致伸缩式，电容式，光电式，磁电式以及磁敏式转矩传感器等的发展现状。这些传感器有些曾经在汽车上得到过应用，但因应变式，电容式，光电式以及磁电式转矩传感器等或者测量精度低，或者抗干扰能力差等问题。目前都未能在汽车上大量使用。