W6154S×农垦58杂交后代育性转换株的发育感光性与育性转换特性

为了探讨水稻发育感光性与光、温敏雄性不育性之间的遗传关系,对W6154S/农垦58杂交组合F_2中发育感光性不同而具有明显育性转换特性的不育株及其衍生的F_3株系各单株进行了发育感光性与育性转换光温反应特性鉴定。结果表明:W6154S的育性转换特性可在发育感光性不同的背景中表达光敏不育性;所有F_2、F_3的育性转换株中没有分离出典型的温敏不育株;育性转换性状能在低世代稳定,而控制育性转换光温条件的遗传基础是复杂的。发育感光性强弱不是育性光敏性强弱的决定因子,育性光敏性强弱受遗传背景多因子综合作用,农垦58及其类似背景中可能存在增强光敏雄性不育主效基因表达的遗传因子。     

Risks of a late start to captive management for conservation: Phenotypic differences between wild and captive individuals of a viviparous endangered skink (Oligosoma otagense)

Maintenance of demographically and genetically self-sustaining populations in captivity can assist conservation of threatened species. Captivity can, however, lead to changes in phenotype, though to date this issue has received little attention in reptiles. We compared phenotypic differences in the now critically-endangered Otago skink (Oligosoma otagense) between wild specimens (Otago, southern New Zealand) and in captivity (North Island). Individuals of this long-lived, viviparous species have been maintained up to three generations in captivity, primarily by private herpetoculturists, but increasingly there is interest in integrating management of captive stocks with conservation in situ. For the same snout-vent length, captive skinks pooled across three colonies had a significantly heavier body mass, wider tail base, longer tail (juveniles only), faster growth rate and much slower sprint speed than in the wild. Captive skinks also lacked ectoparasitic mites and haemogregarine parasites, and experienced warmer temperatures with probably greater access to food. Our study demonstrates the importance of not treating captive management for conservation as a tool of last resort. Important questions, if captive-raised animals are to be released to the wild, are is it better for released skinks to run swiftly or to be heavy-bodied, and what role does reinfestation with native parasites have in determining this balance? We also recommend genetic analysis and studbook management of captive stocks, research to determine implications of heavy body mass for reproduction in captivity, and production of at least some offspring for release inside larger enclosures within the local climate.     

甘蓝型油菜品质性状间动态关系的分析

本文采用时间序列分析等方法,研究了油菜种子成熟过程中,蛋白质、油分、纤维素、可溶性糖、ATP 和生长量变化过程中的量化规律和动态相关规律。初步认为 ATP 在各发育阶段对有机物质合成有一定影响,其他物质变化过程表现一定程度的显著优势的周期函数特征。说明种子成熟过程中可能有某种代谢调节的共同系统。为了控制该系统以     

Biomass and Accumulation of Potassium,Calcium, and Magnesium in Gladiolus as Affected by Heat Units and Corm Size

In México, gladiolus is an important crop cultivated in the central part of the country. In ornamental geophytes, the size of bulbs is a critical factor, impacting plant growth and quality. The objective of the present study was to model the accumulation of potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) in gladiolus plants as affected by corm size (3.5, 3.0 and 2.5 cm). Regardless of corm size, total dry mass of plants accumulated in three different stages. The initial stage occurred during the corm sprouting phase and continued through the vegetative phase, ending either shortly before (plants from 3.5 cm corms), at (plants from 3.0 cm corms) or shortly after (plants from 2.5 cm corms) the heading phase. The second stage, on which the plants exhibited a rapid dry mass accumulation, occurred shortly before or shortly after the heading phase, finishing with the elongation of the flowering stem. The third stage showed the highest dry mass accumulation rate, coinciding with the elongation of the flowering stem and ending at the blooming of the spike. To complete all the phenological phases, gladiolus required 1818 heat units regardless of corm size. Not considering the nutrients provided by the corm, gladiolus required a total of 6.33, 5.59 and 5.01 mmol plant^?1 of K, 2.22, 1.69 and 1.38 mmol plant^?1 of Ca and 2.49, 2.00 and 1.68 mmol plant^?1 of Mg when grown from 3.5, 3.0, and 2.5 cm corms. At the beginning of the vegetative phase, plants tended to increase Ca content at the expense of K, whereas the proportion of Mg remained unaffected, however, between the vegetative and heading phases, the proportion of Ca declined while that of K and Mg increased. At the end of the study, the proportion of K was much higher than that of Ca and Mg, whereas the proportion of Ca and Mg was similar.     

Host preference and influence of the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

Three eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties – ‘Dafeng’, ‘Beisite’, and ‘Baiyu’ – were used in this experiment to discover the least susceptible variety among them to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) infestation. The investigations were carried out after completing one generation of whitefly based on two points of view. Initially, host preference and suitability of whitefly was investigated based on adult feeding, oviposition, and developmental time. Therefore, it was investigated based on growth responses of eggplant. The average developmental time was shortest for the cohort reared in ‘Dafeng’ (21.3 days), while the longest period (23.2 days) was recorded in ‘Baiyu’. In comparison with the control, less significant changes in the six growth parameters, viz. plant height (12.6%), leaf area (12.7%), dry matter (8.2%), absolute growth rate (26.0%), relative growth rate (25.0%), and net assimilation rate (22.2%) were found in ‘Baiyu’ infested by B. tabaci. Adult attraction and oviposition were reduced while developmental time was increased in ‘Baiyu’ compared with the other two varieties. In addition, the reduction percentages of all the six plant-growth parameters of ‘Baiyu’ were comparatively less than other two varieties to whitefly stress. Our research is focused on a shorter development time; higher feeding, oviposition, and the reduction percentage of plant growth indicate that a plant is a suitable host. In view of this, the present findings indicate that ‘Baiyu’ is less susceptible than the other two varieties, ‘Dafeng’ and ‘Beisite’, for whitefly infestation.     

福建省森林生态环境保护与发展对策

分析了福建省森林生态环境建设现状、问题 ,提出福建省森林生态环境保护与发展的指导思想、遵循原则、总体布局以及保障措施 ,供有关部门决策参考。     

大熊猫生态旅游对大熊猫及其栖息地的影响及对策分析

大熊猫生态旅游是一种独特的生态旅游方式,近年来发展迅速。本文结合生态旅游的知识阐述了大熊猫生态旅游的定义、特点以及开发现状,分析了大熊猫生态旅游对大熊猫及其栖息地产生的不良影响,并提出了科学开发大熊猫生态旅游的相关对策和建议。     

杨小舟蛾成虫和蛹自然发育进度研究

采用灯诱成虫和地面化蛹进度调查的方法,系统监测了1998,1999年杨小舟蛾成虫和2010年成虫及蛹的自然发育进度.结果表明:春季气温变化可显著影响越冬代和第1代成虫羽化高峰期的出现及第1,2代害虫的生长发育速度;降雨量偏多可导致害虫发育历期延长,种群数量显著下降;夏季异常气候会引起害虫种群数量发生显著变化,干旱高温的...     

新型林业发展模式——循环林业

现代林业弥补了传统林业忽视森林生态功能和环境功能的缺陷,但没有充分考虑林业资源的有限性和再生周期性。而循环林业作为一种新型林业发展模式,通过森林资源的物质循环将林业种植业、林业工业和林业服务业联结起来,实现森林资源多层次阶梯式循环利用和林业的可持续发展。     

我国蓝马鸡生物学研究进展

蓝马鸡为我国特有的珍稀鸟类,被列为国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类。蓝马鸡仅分布在青藏高原东缘的青海、甘肃、四川三省交接区域以及宁夏贺兰山地。从进化地位、栖息地选择、习性、食性、生理生化、人工养殖等方面对蓝马鸡的研究现状进行综述,以期全方面的了解蓝马鸡的生物学信息。