IPM for food storage in developing countries: 20th Century aspirations for the 21st Century

In tropical developing countries, especially in humid zones, pest infestation in stored food is inevitable. In the past, the focus of tropical storage pest management was on adapting pest control techniques with contact insecticides and fumigants that had proved effective in industrialized countries. Three decades ago it was still widely assumed that these techniques would continue to provide a panacea for the foreseeable future. At the end of the century, the reality is very different: widespread resistance; non-efficacy of surface treatments; no ‘fifth generation’ of pesticides; narrow choice of fumigants; and consumer demand for minimal or zero residues. In response, research on biorational alternatives has increased in recent years, especially on ‘additives’. By contrast, research on ecologically-based alternatives has stagnated. Studies of the synecology of storage pest communities remain very rare. Few authors have addressed the particular problems of IPM decision-making in storage, and in practice the emphasis is on pragmatic mixtures of control methods rather than a calculated application of optimum procedures in response to monitoring and risk assessment. At the end of the 20th Century, IPM in food stores is still an aspiration rather than a reality, and we still have much to learn about the ecology and behaviour of pests in the post-harvest system if we are to achieve an IPM approach to storage pests in the 21st Century.     

农业科技史与高等农业院校思想政治教育

在高等农业院校,农业科技史教学既是素质教育的重要内容及不可或缺的主要环节,也是思想政治教育的重要组成部分及进行思想政治教育的最有效途径。农业科技史在高等农业院校思想政治教育中具有独特的作用,是目前常规思想政治教育所无法取代的。     

陕西绿色农产品产业发展研究

阐述了发展绿色农产品产业重大意义。陕西发展绿色农产品的有利条件及不利因素。指出陕西三大农业类型区发展绿色农产品产业的前景方向,并提出了绿色农产品产业发展的对策建议。     

氮胁迫与非胁迫条件下玉米不同时期株高的动态QTL定位

以玉米杂交种农大108的203个F_2:3家系为材料,在施氮（N+）和不施氮（N－）2种条件下对拔节期到灌浆期的株高变化进行了动态QTL分析。结果表明,N胁迫条件对亲本许178影响较小,而对亲本黄C的影响较大,F_2:3群体在不同时期的株高均值在2种施肥水平下没有显著差异,但变异范围存在一定的差异。利用包含199个SSR标记的遗传连锁图谱与复合区间作图法,在N－条件下,拔节期、小喇叭口期、大喇叭口期、灌浆期分别定位1、1、2和2个非条件QTL,可分别解释各时期株高表型变异的8.42%、13.86%、24.33%和22.66%;在N＋条件下,相应时期分别定位1、1、2和4个非条件QTL,可分别解释各时期株高表型变异的8.10%、12.92%、21.30%和44.41%。在N－条件下,拔节期至喇叭口期、开花期至灌浆期分别定位了1和5个条件QTL,可分别解释该时期株高动态变异的9.14%和50.98%;在N＋条件下,相应时期分别定位1和4个条件QTL,可分别解释该时期株高动态变异的13.33%和44.47%。这些非条件QTL和条件QTL多数表现以显性和部分显性为主。     

黑龙江省旅游观光农业的现状及发展趋势

通过黑龙江省已建园区的典型事例,总结分析了黑龙江省旅游观光农业的发展现状和存在的问题,指出了黑龙江省旅游观光农业的发展趋势,并对其发展提出了只有高效配置与综合集成现有农业资源才是黑龙江省发展观光农业的最佳途径的合理化建议。     

天然草原持续利用理论和实践的困惑——兼论中国草业发展战略

针对我国目前草原生态建设中存在的一些理论和实践问题,如草原退化的面积和程度,造成退化原因的作用和权重等不确定性问题;载畜量及其估测的理论基础问题;“围封转移”和“春季休牧”措施的理论基础以及草原生态系统多功能等问题。认为这些问题将严重困扰着我国草业能否健康、和谐的可持续发展,因此在研究我国草业发展战略时,必须面对并迫切需要解决。     

中国作物栽培科学的历史沿革与发展方向

简要回顾了中国作物栽培科学的发展历史和建国后创立发展、停滞不前、恢复加速、巩固提高等4个发展阶段的基本情况,总结了50多年来新中国作物栽培学3大主要社会贡献和3个主要自身建设成就,分析了目前存在的10个现实问题,该科学按照“高产、优质、高效、安全、生态”的目标,向区域化、专业化、规模化、标准化、简约化、产业化的方向发展。中国农业、农村和农民的许多问题,仍需要作物栽培科学解决,其他科学无法取代,因而作物栽培工作者任重道远,作物栽培科学大有可为。     

郑樵目录学思想特质渊源探

就郑樵目录学思想特质之渊源进行有益的探索。郑樵目录学思想具有会通、实学、创新之特质,而这些特质源于郑樵会通、求实、创新之学术思想。其学术思想与其所处时代的社会背景、文化传统的流衍、家庭环境等客观因素密切相关,同时又与个人志向、个人学养等主观因素紧密相连。今天我们探讨郑樵会通、求实、创新之学术思想对其目录学思想的影响,无疑对我们当今数字环境下的数字目录学的发展有着重要启示。     

Governance of forest conservation and co-benefits for Bangladesh under changing climate

We focused on key aspects of forest governance for biodiver- sity conservation in implementing new climate change policies. The national forest institutions must be adaptive to identify the existing pitfalls of prior conservation policies to take advantage of new climate change policies. Strengthening roles and technical capacity of national institutions for systematic biodiversity monitoring and carbon stock assessment is required in developing and least developed countries. Community participation needs careful analysis to ensure equitable ac- cess of particular social groups to local decision-making processes and to sustain optional livelihoods. The livelihood options around forest reserves or protected areas must be taken into account to enhance forest-based adaptation.     

张恨水报刊思想的“市”“民”意识

张恨水从事报刊工作达30余年,以其丰富的编辑内涵、敏捷的新闻思维、超前的新闻意识形成了自己独特的报刊编辑思想,“市”“民”意识凸显其思想的时代性和开创性。张恨水报刊编辑思想中的平民立场、追求真实和经营赢利,令其在自己的时代语境中成为公认的“副刊圣手”。