Factors affecting seed yield in white clover

Summary Eighteen clones of white clover chosen at random were examined for their seed setting possibilities. Large differences in the size of the inflorescence and the rate of fertilization were found among the clones, so that breeding strains of white clover with better seed-setting seems possible. The number of ovules per floret seemed not very variable.     

甘肃定西文冠果花的表型多样性研究

以文冠果花为研究对象,调查了试验区内40株文冠果花的9个表型性状,利用变异系数和方差分析研究了分布区内的变异情况。结果表明,试验区内文冠果花的不同表型性状差异明显,表型性状在不同个体之间存在着较大的变异幅度,其变异系数大小依次为顶花序不孕花数(65.16%)>顶花序孕花数(45.26%)>侧花序长度(32.29%)>顶花序长度(29.28%)>侧花序不孕花数(24.55%)>花瓣横径(20.22%)>花瓣纵径(11.76%)。     

Improvement of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) scutellum and inflorescence cultures

Scutellum and inflorescence explants of four genotypes of durum wheat(Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) were used to define culture conditions to obtain high frequencies of embryogenesis and plant regeneration in vitro. Under all conditions tested, scutellum cultures gave higher frequencies of embryogenesis and plant regeneration than inflorescence cultures. Two different auxins, 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and picloram(4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), were compared for their effect on scutellum and inflorescence explant response in vitro. Picloram was found to significantly increase the frequency of plant regeneration from both explants. When cultures were grown on regeneration medium containing zeatin for two three-week passages, the frequency of plant regeneration increased by between 20–30% compared with cultures exposed to hormones for a single three-week passage. Finally, the addition of 1 mg/l 6-BAP (6-benzyl aminopurine) to the plantlet growth medium was found to enhance tiller production in regenerants. The optimized culture conditions were applicable to the four genotypes tested and frequencies of plant regeneration varied between 97% to 100% for scutellum cultures (2 mg/l picloram in induction medium) and between45% and 80% for inflorescence cultures (4 mg/l picloram in induction medium). The number of plants regenerated per explant was improved over previous procedures, with means of 34 plants per scutellum, and 16 plants per inflorescence explant. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

草木樨种子着生部位成熟度与种性关系的研究

从各不同倍位，成熟度采样，经过含水率，粒级分配，荚壳率，千粒重，发芽率等分析，结果表明草木樨黄熟期，一级侧枝采种，不仅种子量多，产量高，而且千粒重，发芽率，活力指数均高，品质近于完成熟期和主茎部闰的种子，种用性状优异。     

西双版纳澳洲坚果花疫病及其对产量的影响

自年到年对云南省热带作物科学研究所的澳洲坚果花疫病及其对产量的影响进行观察,经鉴19982001定,病原菌为葡萄孢属真菌(Botrytis),最高的发病率达,病情指数为,发病高峰期在月底至 sp.65%14%12月初。病害对产量的影响不明显。     

红掌的花序培养及快速繁殖技术研究

以红掌的幼嫩肉状花序为外植体,筛选各个培养阶段的培养基配方,研究红掌的快速繁殖技术。结果表明:MS BA1 2,4-D0.2对诱导愈伤组织效果最好,MS BA1 KT1 NAA0.1是继代增殖适宜的培养基,1/2MS NAA0.5则促进根的分化和生长。     

短芒大麦草组织培养体系的建立

以短芒大麦草幼穗为外植体,建立了比较稳定高效的组织培养体系.研究结果表明,在含有3.0～4.0mg/L 2,4-D的MS+ 300mg/L CH+3％蔗糖+0.7％琼脂(pH5.8)培养基上,短芒大麦草幼穗切段愈伤组织诱导率可达到80.0％以上;经MS+ 300mg/LCH+0.5mg/L 2,4-D +3％蔗糖+0.7％琼脂(pH5.8)培养基上继代培养后,其胚性愈伤组织在MS+ 300mg/LCH+ 0.5mg/L 2,4-D +0.1 mg/L 6-BA +3％蔗糖+0.7％琼脂(pH5.8)分化培养基上的分化率为62.9％;短芒大麦草组培苗在1/2MS+ NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖1％+琼脂0.7％ (pH5.8)培养基上生根后,移栽成活率可达到98.0％以上.     

裸粒水稻花序和小穗的发育进程研究

裸粒水稻是水稻和小麦远缘杂交的产物袁此前的研究已表明OsMADS1基因功能的改变是其特有花部性状的主要原因袁但目前仍对其花序和小穗的发育进程缺乏详细的认识遥通过扫描电镜观察袁发现从枝穗分化期至顶端小花内外稃分化期袁裸粒 水稻的发育仍与水稻没有明显区别袁但在其后花器官的发育上较为紊乱袁花器官确定性丧失袁从而产生额外的花器官和次级小穗遥这些观察有助于更好地理解裸粒水稻形态变异的分子机理遥     

赤霉素对延后栽培酿酒葡萄西拉生长发育及果实品质的影响

[目的]探讨喷施赤霉素(GA3)对延后栽培酿酒葡萄西拉生长发育及果实品质的影响,为降低酿酒葡萄生产成本、提高果实品质提供参考依据.[方法]对延后栽培新梢长至3~5片叶的酿酒葡萄西拉新梢和花穗分别喷施2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3,在相应的生长期测定花序长度、果穗形态、枝叶生长状况,果实成熟收获时测产并测定果穗重、果穗纵横径、单粒重、果粒纵横径、单果平均种子数、果蒂粗度、可溶性固形物含量及酸含量等性状.[结果]2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3处理的花序长度分别比对照(CK)提高31.71%、39.83%、49.32%、62.48%和82.48%.2.0和4.0 mg/L GA3处理的产量(11177.76和23111.64 kg/ha)、果穗重(146.20和162.32 g)、单粒重(1.42和1.50 g)、果粒纵径(12.18和13.10mm)、果粒横径(11.14和11.46 mm)、种子数(1.69和2.15粒)、可溶性固形物含量(18.92%和19.40%)及酸含量(5.35和6.15 g/L)等均优于其他处理,而6.0、8.0和10.0 mg/L GA3处理的穗轴表现弯曲、硬化,果粒僵化并出现大小粒现象,进而影响果实的单粒重、种子数、果穗重、果粒纵径和横径等性状,降低产量和品质.[结论]对延后栽培酿酒葡萄西拉长至3~5片叶的新梢和花穗喷施4.0 mg/L GA3可拉长其果穗长度,减少人工蔬果工作量,提高果实产量和品质.     

葡萄花序总RNA提取方法研究

[目的]为筛选出提取葡萄花序总RNA的最佳方法。[方法]以藤稔葡萄花序为试材,针对葡萄花序中多酚、多糖类物质含量较高的特点,比较了CTAB法、SDS／酚法以及经改良的CTAB法对藤稔葡萄花序总RNA的提取效果。[结果]3种方法均能从葡萄花序中提取到总RNA。其中,经改良的CTAB法能有效抑制酚类物质和多糖对总RNA提取的影响,获得纯度高、完整性好的总RNA。其28srRNA亮度约为18SrRNA的2倍,RT—PCR分析表明：该方法提取的总RNA适合于下一步的研究。[结论]经过改良的CTAB法提取葡萄花序总RNA的效果最佳。