山葡萄掐花序尖和疏果粒对增产效果的研究

以酿酒葡萄新品种“北冰红”及新品系“94-7-75”、“98-8-165”、“2001-6-135”为试材,研究了山葡萄品种(品系)掐花序尖及疏果粒对果实质量和产量的影响.结果表明:“北冰红”、“2001-6-135”、“98-8-165”和“94-7-75”掐除花序尖2/5和疏果粒,比对照平均减产12.0％.掐除花序尖1/5和疏果粒情况下,坐果率、果粒均重、果穗均重和果实含糖量与对照相比,平均提高6.7％、4.6％、7.6％和1.8％,比对照平均增产12.0％；其中:“98-8-165”和“94-7-75”分别比对照增产8.5％和9.0％,“北冰红”、“2001-6-135”增产幅度较大,分别比对照增产15.2％和16.9％,增产效果显著.     

Callusing and Regeneration of Plantlets via Somatic Embryogenesis from Inflorescence Cultures of Triticum aestivum L.: Role of Genotype and Long-Term Retention of Morphogenic Potential

In the present investigation we have succeeded in obtaining a high frequency of regeneration of plantlets via somatic embryogenesis from callus derived from immature inflorescence explains of Triticum aestivum var, ‘Sonalika’. The explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D, casein hydrolysate and coconut milk. A large number of embryoids germinated, to form plantlets on the medium when 2, 4-D was omitted altogether or provided at low concentration. Plantlets were transferred to soil under natural environmental conditions and were shown to have the normal chromosome number of 2n = 6x = 42. Experiments with nineteen other varieties show that there is a marked effect of genotype both on initiation of callusing as well as on regeneration. So far ‘Sonahka’ has proved to be the most responsive among varieties tested by us. With callus of the variety ‘Sonalika.’, we also conducted an investigation on long-term retention of regenerative potential. During Song-term culture, for about 12 months, the morphogenic potential gradually diminished and was finally lost, but the regeneration potential could be restored by subculturing at very short intervals.     

莴笋不同品种产量形成特点的研究

“挂丝红”(早熟品种)播种至花序分化需要的有效积温少,营养生长期短,花序分化时叶数少,产品器官中花茎占的比例大,干物质平均增长率(CGR)高,最适叶面积指数大,产品器官干物质分配率的平均增长率高;“白甲”(晚熟品种)与之相反;“二青皮”(中熟品种)介于二者之间。这三个不同生态型品种播种至花序分化的天数与日平均温度间均有极显著的负相关关系。用日平均气温预测莴笋花序分化期比用5℃上有效积温有更广泛的实用价值。     

槟榔花热风干燥动力学研究

以新鲜槟榔花为原料,比较了不同干燥温度下槟榔花的干燥特性.通过槟榔花在干燥过程中水分的变化规律,绘制干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,并采用Newton、Logarithmic和Wang and Singh 3种干燥数学模型拟合试验数据.结果表明,干燥温度越高,槟榔花的干燥速率越快,且整个干燥过程处于降速干燥阶段.槟榔花热风干燥过程满足Logarithmic方程,该模型可较好地描述含水率随干燥时间的变化关系.试验结果为实现槟榔花干燥过程的控制提供了技术依据.     

白桦雄花序发育早期和中期差异表达基因的cDNA-AFLP分析

白桦雄花发育周期较长,从出现雄花序至花粉成熟经历近一年,其发育早期和中期是决定雄配子体发育的重要时期。采用cDNA-AFLP方法对白桦早期和中期发育雄花序进行了差异表达谱分析,共得到了62个TDFs,其中30个TDFs与Genbank中的基因具有较高的同源性,其它32个是未知序列。GO分析结果显示,这些已知基因主要参与代谢过程、细胞过程、刺激应答、生殖、信号传导和生物调控等生物学过程,其分子功能主要涉及催化活性、结合分子功能、酶调节活性和转运活性等;发现了参与生殖和雄花发育的两个重要TDFs,Bplbs658和Bplbs199。另外,选择11个TDFs进行不同组织的qRT-PCR转录表达分析,结果表明这些基因不仅参与花发育,也参与营养组织的发育,但各自具有不同的组织表达特征。     

红地球葡萄花序拉长试验

红地球葡萄生产上需要拉长花序,才能实现优质栽培。通过选择生产上常用的药剂开展田间试验,并进行统计分析,本试验已筛选出两种药剂及其最佳使用浓度。     

The effect of photoperiod on flowering and TPS production in the warm tropics

Summary Three similar field experiments with five cultivars were carried out to evaluate the effect of a 5-hour extension of the natural daylength and a 3-hour night break on flowering and TPS production in the warm tropics. Shoot length, number of inflorescence positions per plant and number of flowers per inflorescence varied considerably between the experiments. In each experiment, the supplementary photoperiods delayed cessation of shoot growth and thereby increased the orders of branching and the number of inflorescence positions per plant. The photoperiod treatments significantly increased the number of flowers at the last produced inflorescence positions, but not at other ones. Pollen production and quality, berry set, seed set and 100-seed weight were not affected by the photoperiod treatments. TPS production was characterized by variability in flowering and low and variable seed production per flower.     

Structural patterns of tomato plants grown in greenhouse

We characterize the growth form of the two types of commercial tomato cultivars. In both types of tomato the branching is sympodial. The difference between cultivars of the indeterminate and the determined type is given by variations in the intensity in which the spatial and temporal pattern of the sympodial growth is expressed. Variations that manifests itself in the relative rate of development of each sympodial unit and in the amount of sympodial shoots that are produced during the plant's lifetime. The inflorescences of tomato plants grown in greenhouse are studied. The main inflorescences variations that have been observed are: the appearance of either dichasial inflorescences or pleiochasial inflorescences; the bracts development at the level of either the branches of the inflorescence or individual flowers; and the proliferation of the apex of the inflorescence.     

芽梢斑螟幼虫危害特点及其密度估计的研究

芽梢斑螟是马尾松二年生球果的重要害虫。根据种子园雄花发生特点，研究了芽梢斑螟越冬幼虫转移危害及其在树冠和林中的分布规律。结果表明，７轮生枝的马尾松树冠上，芽梢斑螟越冬幼虫集中侵害第六、七轮生枝上的二年生球果，球果被害率达５３．６％，幼虫数量占总数的５８．８％。种子园内不同无性系有少雄（花）、中雄和多雄树之别，芽梢斑螟越冬幼虫转移后的危害率及其数量分布，随马尾松雄梢率的增加呈递增的趋势。危害率（ｙ１）和幼虫数量（ｙ２）与雄梢率（Ｘ）的回归方程式分别为ｙ１＝０．６６０＋０．４７３Ｘ，ｙ２＝－０．８２９＋０．３０３Ｘ