试论鱼粉业的设备选择与发展对策

分析了国内鱼粉加工工业现状，对国产和丹麦ＣＯＮＤＥＣ鱼粉生产进行了对比分析，提出了我国鱼粉加工业的发展对策。     

Vitamin K requirement in Danish anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Resistance to warfarin has been connected to an increase in dietary requirement for vitamin K in British strains of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berk). This study examines vitamin K requirement of Danish anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats using a vitamin K deficient feeding test. Wild bromadiolone-resistant rats sampled from different localities in Denmark and rats from bromadiolone-resistant and susceptible laboratory strains were fed on a vitamin K deficient diet over a maximum period of 15 days. Development of vitamin K deficiency, measured as reduced blood-clotting capacity, took place in 43% of the Danish resistant rats and was independent of sex, treatment with supplementary vitamin K3 and sampling locality. Development of deficiency was slower for resistant rats that were supplemented with vitamin K3 prior to the feeding test, suggesting storage of the vitamin K in a vitamin body pool. Intraperitoneal administration of vitamin K1 revealed that 80 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was sufficient to restore normal blood clotting activity in deficient rats, while 60 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was insufficient. We conclude that vitamin K requirement is moderately increased in Danish homozygous resistant rats whereas heterozygous resistant rats only have a minor increase in vitamin K requirement compared with susceptible rats. We found no indication of different resistance types being present in our test material since vitamin K requirement was not different between rats from separate sampling localities.     

丹麦养猪业考察报告

介绍了丹麦猪品种、生产、疾病防治、价格、饲料与服务组织的一些概况.原种猪主要是兰德瑞斯(LL)、大约克夏(YY)、杜洛克(DD)与汉普夏(HH),兰德瑞斯与大约克夏正反交生产的优质二元杂交母猪作为种母猪用,以杜洛克、汉普夏或大约克夏公猪为父本与杜洛克为母本生产的优质一元或二元杂交公猪作生产中的终端父本,三元杂交猪或四元杂交猪是主要的生产性肉猪.露天猪场多用杜洛克为母本,兰德瑞斯或大约克夏为父本,杂交生产的LD或YD作为肉猪.用购买的精液或自行采精稀释成的备用精液人工授精在猪生产中应用普遍.用接种疫苗法与抗生素防治法防止猪场疾病的发生.依据市场情况,猪价每周变动一次.猪场的饲料有购买与自制两种方式.农业服务体系较为发达.     

The effect of crop, N-level, soil type and drainage on nitrate leaching from Danish soil

Abstract. Nitrate leaching measurements in Denmark were analysed to examine the effects of husbandry factors. The data comprised weekly measurements of drainage and nitrate concentration from pipe drains in six fields from 1971 to 1991, and weekly measurements of nitrate concentration in soil water, extracted by suction cups at a depth of 1 m, from 16 fields in 1988 to 1993. The soils varied from coarse sand to sandy clay loam.
The model used for analysing the data was: Y = exp (1.136–0.0628 clay + 0.00565N + crop ) D^0.416, with R²= 0.54, where Y is the nitrate leaching (kg N/ha per y), clay is the % clay in 0-25 cm depth (%), N is the average N-application in the rotation (kg/ha/y) and D is drainage (mm/y). The most important factor influencing leaching was the crop type. Grass and barley undersown with grass showed low rates of leaching (17-24 kg/ha/y). Winter cereal following a grass crop, beets, winter cereals following cereals and an autumn sown catch crop following cereals showed medium rates of leaching (36-46 kg/ha/y). High rates of leaching were estimated from winter cereals following rape/peas, bare soil following cereals and from autumn applications of animal manure on bare soil (71-78 kg/ha/y). Estimates of leaching from soil of 5, 12 and 20% clay were 68, 44 and 26 kg/ha/y, respectively. Leaching was estimated to rise significantly with increasing amounts of applied N.
The model is suitable for general calculations of the effects of crop rotation, soil type and N-application on nitrate leaching from sandy soil to sandy clay loarns in a temperate coastal climate.     

丹麦奶业发展及与中国合作现状

丹麦是欧盟重要的畜产品生产国,是欧洲国家乳制品、肉类重要供应国,该国生产的三分之二农牧产品用于出口。近年来丹麦的奶牛养殖场数量不断减少,但养殖规模逐步扩大,保证了先进技术的应用,使奶牛单产不断提高,生鲜乳产量稳中有升;乳制品加工业经历集中和整合后,目前只有24家乳制品加工企业,包括合作社和私营两种形式。为了保证产业链的健康发展,丹麦乳制品加工企业均设定了合理的奶价制定机制,且为牧场提供了高效的第三方服务;丹麦乃至欧洲地区的消费者具有良好的乳制品消费习惯,但液体乳消费趋于饱和,奶酪消费增长明显。在乳制品贸易方面,丹麦始终保持净出口状态,主要的乳制品市场是欧盟地区的其他国家及亚洲国家。多年来,中国和丹麦形成了良好的奶业合作关系,未来两国将进一步加强和拓宽奶业合作,推动中国奶业的全产业链建设,促进两国奶业产业可持续发展。     

德氏纯绥螨对桔全爪螨捕食作用的研究

本文研究了德氏钝绥螨发育速率、繁殖率与温度的关系以及德氏钝绥螨对桔全爪螨的功能反应、数值反应及不同螨态的选择捕食作用。在此基础上,组建了德氏钝绥螨—桔全爪螨种群数量变动的模拟模型,并在四种不同释放钝绥螨的条件下,进行了桔全爪螨种群数量变动的模拟实验,从而得出了最佳的释放钝绥螨时间、数量、频率及螨态。     

丹麦湿地景观的保护与开发

介绍了丹麦在湿地景观保护与开发方面所取得的成就。该国湿地保护不仅得力于政府的得力措施及资全堡证,而且得力于广大民众高度的环保意识。他们的做法和经验,对我国会具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Soil mechanical behaviour of sandy loams in a temperate climate: case studies on long-term effects of fertilization and crop rotation

Abstract. Two case studies on Danish sandy loams investigated the long-term effects of fertilization and crop rotation. Case Study 1 compared a diversely cropped organically farmed soil (DFG(1)) with a conventionally farmed soil predominantly growing annual crops (DFA), both receiving animal manure. In Case Study 2, a diversely cropped organically managed soil (DFG(2)) receiving animal manure was compared with an almost exclusively cereal cropped conventionally farmed soil receiving no animal manure (CCC). A multi-level experimental strategy was followed to compare integrating field methods with specialized laboratory methods. Ease of tillage was described in the field and characterized using a drop shatter field test and by measuring aggregate tensile strength. Fitness as a seedbed was characterised visually in the field and from the drop shatter test. Impedance to seedling emergence and root penetration was evaluated by measuring bulk soil shear strength. For Case Study 1, soil tilth was better for the DFA soil than for the DFG(1) soil (i.e. lower soil strength and higher ease of fragmentation and friability index for DFA). However, a crumbly structure and a moderate bulk density suggested that the DFG(1) soil was also a favourable medium for plant growth. For Case Study 2, the CCC soil had a lower organic matter content, higher bulk density, higher soil strength, and lower ease of fragmentation in comparison with the DFG(2) soil.     

浅析国外农业合作社发展的起因及其特点

文章介绍了瑞典、丹麦、韩国农业合作社发展的背景,以及瑞典、丹麦、韩国农业合作社发展的主要特点。     

Building and destroying social capital: The case of cooperative movements in Denmark and Poland

Social capital, measured as the level of trustamong people, may be regarded as a newproduction factor alongside the traditionalones of human and physical capital. Withappropriate levels of social capital,monitoring and transaction costs can be savedand thus economic growth stimulated. Vialinking social capital to rural development andcomparing the cases of agricultural cooperativemovements in Denmark and Poland, this paperidentifies possible roots of building socialcapital and suggests that social capital wasbuilt through a lengthy process in bothcountries during the 19th century. However,the comparison of the present level of socialcapital indicates that the level of socialcapital is significantly higher in Denmark thanin Poland. The paper concludes that the reasonfor this difference is the fact that theoriginal accumulation of social capital inPoland was destroyed by the communist regime.