两种丛生竹竹蔸造林效果分析

以绿竹Dendrocalamopis oldhami、勃氏甜龙竹Dendrocalamus brandisii的竹蔸苗为研究材料,在南宁市营造试验林,研究其生长情况。结果表明：造林后半年,绿竹的造林成活率为96.87%,新竹长势好,勃氏甜龙竹的成活率为50.63%;2个竹种新竹的数量、地径和高度均与母竹秆基径呈正相关关系,造林后半年至1年的新竹数量、地径、高度均与造林后半年的相应指标呈正相关关系。因此,加强竹蔸造林抚育管理,促进造林前期的生长量,有利于提早成林。     

麻竹病害发生规律及防治对策

对揭东县麻竹笋主产区的主要病害进行调查研究,介绍了麻竹产区的麻竹煤烟病、枯梢病、笋腐病和叶锈病等主要病害的发病症状、病原、危害特点、发生规律等,并针对每种病害提出相应的防治技术措施。     

越南甜竹纤维形态特征的研究

对甜竹原料、甜竹浆的纤维形态进行了研究。结果表明:甜竹原料纤维平均长度为2.37 mm、平均宽度17.91μm、长宽比值132.40;纤维平均壁厚为8.13μm、平均腔径为2.57μm、壁腔比值6.33。研究了在蒸煮过程中纤维形态的变化。结果表明,在蒸煮过程中甜竹纤维长度不断变小,从2.37 mm(原料)到1.79 mm(全浆),减少24%;蒸煮过程中纤维长宽比值也不断缩小,从132.40(原料)到98.89(全浆)。与青皮竹浆、桉木浆(阔叶木)、马尾松浆(针叶木)和麦草浆(草类)的纤维形态相比,甜竹浆纤维长度大于麦草浆纤维,小于马尾松浆纤维,与青皮竹浆和桉木浆纤维长度基本相近,因此甜竹浆纤维属于长纤维范围,是一种优良的造纸原料。     

麻竹花粉发育过程观察及其分期

以麻竹为材料,采用醋酸洋红、碘-碘化钾压片以及石蜡切片的观察方法对麻竹花粉发育全过程进行了研究,初步将这一过程划分为8个时期,即小孢子母细胞形成期、小孢子母细胞减数分裂期、小孢子早期、小孢子中期、小孢子晚期、二胞花粉早期、二胞花粉晚期和成熟花粉期,并描述了各个时期的基本特征。麻竹花粉发育过程基本正常,小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型,四分体主要为左右对称型,也有四面体形的,成熟的花粉为3-细胞型,具单一萌发孔。     

2种广东丛生竹炭性能的研究

利用广东小叶龙竹和马来甜龙竹2种丛生竹,在砖土窑设备中炭化制取竹炭。测试分析其基本理化性能,进行甲醛、苯等有害物质吸附特性试验,并用扫描电子显微镜分析其微观结构。研究结果表明:(1)2种丛生竹炭的基本理化性能差异不明显,但小叶龙竹炭比表面积是马来巨竹炭的3倍,相差比较大。(2)2种竹炭对甲醛、氨、苯和甲苯都具有吸附功能,但吸附的回归方程不同,吸附效果小叶龙竹炭比马来巨竹炭好。(3)经电子扫描电镜观测2种竹炭的微观结构是有差异的。     

Effect of young woody plantations on carbon and nutrient accretion rates in a redeveloping soil on coalmine spoil in a dry tropical environment,India

We compared the effects of young high‐density plantations of three native trees (legumes: Albizia lebbeck, A. procera and a non‐legume: Tectona grandis) and one fast growing woody grass species (Dendrocalamus strictus) on carbon and nutrients stock and their accretion rates in a redeveloping soil. This soil was the early phase of mine spoil restoration in a dry tropical environment. The soil bulk density and accumulation rates of C, N and P at 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depth were determined in 4‐ to 5‐year‐old plantations. The total nutrient stock of soil C, N, P significantly varied in redeveloping soil according to plantation type, plantation age and soil depth. A. lebbeck greatly improved C and N content followed by D. strictus, A. procera and T. grandis plantations. However, accretion rates of C and N were substantially high in the D. strictus plantation. Therefore, D. strictus, contributed significantly to the redevelopment of mine spoil soils. In the case of total P nutrient, A. procera showed the greatest amount among the plantations but the accretion rate was also high for T. grandis followed by A. procera, A. lebbeck and D. strictus. This study indicates that all N‐fixing species may not be equally efficient in improving soil qualities especially N in the soil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

麻竹杂交子代竹笋营养成分变异分析

为研究麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)杂交子代竹笋营养成分的变异情况,以30个麻竹种内杂交子代家系为材料,对不同家系竹笋营养成分进行了测定分析。结果表明:可溶性总糖含量、淀粉含量、游离氨基酸总量、蛋白质含量在家系间的变异幅度都很大,变异系数依次为23.69%、26.70%、38.26%、15.76%;蛋白质水解氨基酸中必需氨基酸的比例都在30%以上,变异幅度为33.80%～42.97%。根据竹笋可溶性糖、淀粉、游离氨基酸总量、蛋白质及必需氨基酸比例等指标对参试的30个家系进行聚类分析,选出了氨基酸和蛋白质含量较高的2个类群。这2个类群共包括11个家系,其中10个家系是来自JD或HK2个产地麻竹为亲本的杂交子代,说明麻竹竹笋的营养品质主要受遗传的影响,通过合适的亲本选配可以得到营养品质优良的杂种后代。     

Micropropagation of Three Bamboo Species from Nodal Explants of Mature Culms

A micropropagation technique is developed for the multiplication of Dendrocalamus strictus （D. strictus）, Dendrocalamus asper （19. asper） and Bambusa bambos （B. bambos） through shoot proliferation. Nodal explants obtained from field gown clumps were used to initiate cultures. Shoots were induced on Murashige and Skoog＇s （MS） medium supplemented with 5 mg L^-1 6-benzylamino purine （BAP）. Rapid shoot multiplication was obtained on MS medium containing 3 mg Lt BAP in D. asper, B. bambos and 2 mg L^-1 BAP in D. strictus. In vitro multiplied shoots showed best root induction on half strength MS supplemented with 1 mg L^-1 indole-3 butyric acid （IBA） and 0.5 mg L^-1 1-naphthalene acetic acid （NAA） in D. asper. Pre-rooting conditioning followed by culturing on half strength MS supplemented with 1 mg L^-1 IBA and 2 mg L^-1 IBA showed maximum root induction in D. strictus and B. bambos, respectively. Further root proliferation was obtained on hormone free medium. The micropropagated plantlets were acclimatized and successfully transferred on soil in green house.     

麻竹材基本密度与力学性质变异规律的研究

通过对不同立地条件、不同年龄、竹竿不同部位麻竹材基本密度和力学性质的测定和分析,结果表明：影响麻竹材基本密度和力学性质因素的重要程度为竹竿部位＞年龄＞立地条件;竹竿部位和年龄对麻竹材基本密度和力学性质影响均极显著,立地条件对麻竹材基本密度、顺纹抗压强度和弦向冲击韧性影响极显著,对麻竹材弦向抗弯强度和顺纹抗剪强度影响不显著。麻竹材基本密度和力学性质表现为：上部＞中部＞下部,随立地条件高而减小,随年龄增大而提高,麻竹材作为结构用材的适宜采伐年龄为4～5年。     

牡竹属10种竹叶矿质元素含量分析

为了明确牡竹属竹叶中矿质元素的组成,采用ICP-MS法测定了牡竹属10种竹叶中主要矿质元素的含量。结果表明,10种竹叶中含有丰富的矿质元素,其中K、Ca、Mg含量较高,其次是Mn、Fe、Al、Na、Zn元素,Cr、Ni、Cu元素在竹叶中的含量较少,Co、As、Se、Mo、Hg和Pb含量很低。研究结果为牡竹属竹叶的开发利用提供了科学依据。