不同稻作制下红壤性水稻土氮矿化特性的研究

以湖南省长沙地区发育于第四纪红土上的红壤性水稻土为材料,用淹水密闭培养法、生物法以及化学测定法等研究了不同稻作制对红壤性水稻土氮矿化特性的影响。结果表明,在不同稻作制之间,氮矿化势、有机质、全氮、水解性有机氮、易矿化氮,叶绿素类化合物含量及谷氨酰胺酶,天门冬酰胺酶活性大小具有一致的变化趋势,即稻—稻—冬泡>稻—稻—绿肥>稻—稻—油菜;氮矿化势与土壤有机质、全氮、水解性有机氮之间呈极显著正相关;易矿化氮与叶绿素类化合物含量之比近于常数;酰胺酶活性与水解性有机氮之间也呈显著正相关:水稻吸氮量与氮矿化势之间呈极显著正相关,以培养法测得的氮矿优势比其它几种化学法测得的氮矿化势指标作为水稻土供氮能力的指标要好。     

Effects of Cage Location and Tier Level with Respect to Light Intensity in Semiconfined Housing on Egg Production and Quality During the Late Laying Period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality.     

Psychoacoustical evaluation of floor-impact sounds from wood-framed structures

Floor-impact sounds may introduce noise problems in dwelling-type environments. In particular, floor-impact sounds from lightweight structures like wood-framed buildings should be paid significant attention. In this study, such floor-impact sounds were investigated from the viewpoint of residents. The floor specifications of wood-framed structures were improved by using high-density underlay, and heavy floor-impact sounds were evaluated by using both psychoacoustical and conventional methods. The results showed that the floor-impact sound insulation grades specified in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) did not correspond to the floor specifications of wood-framed structures. The nonstationary loudness, which is a psychoacoustical index for nonstationary sounds, changed with the specifications of wood-framed structures in a wider range of floor-impact sound levels in comparison with the maximum A-weighted sound pressure level, which is a single-number index of the JIS.     

免疫应激对营养需要量及代谢调控机制的影响

动物营养与免疫应激之间的关系错综复杂,合理的营养水平可提高畜禽的免疫力和抗病力。营养缺乏能直接或间接地引起动物机体免疫组织和免疫器官的损伤,从而引发各种疾病;反之,各种疾病引起的免疫应激反应又会影响营养成分在动物机体内的代谢。作者就不同免疫应激状态下,营养物质在动物机体内的吸收、利用规律及其调控机制作一综述。     

黑龙江省垦区2OO3年农业机械化水平评价

根据已有的农机化评价体系,调查了黑龙江垦区2003年农机化实际值,计算出了该年垦区的农业机械化水平,并进行分析评价。这对于今后提高黑龙江垦区农业机械化的综合保障能力、农机经营效益以及农业机械化水平的进一步提高有着重要的指导意义。     

以满足行业需求为核心的葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业实验课程体系的构建

根据葡萄酒行业对人才需求的情况,构建了以满足行业需求为核心的葡萄与葡萄酒工程专业实验课程体系。实践证明,该课程体系加强了学生创新思维、创新能力和综合素质的培养,调动了学生的学习主动性与积极性。     

奶山羊乳房炎灭活疫苗的制备及免疫效果检测

为评估奶山羊乳房炎灭活疫苗的免疫效果,以大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性表皮葡萄球菌及产色葡萄球菌为材料,经甲醛37℃灭活,按照6∶1（V／V）与铝胶盐充分混匀,分别经腹股沟皮下、颈部皮下注射途径,免疫泌乳期奶山羊,免疫剂量均为2 mL,共免疫2次,每次间隔14 d。分别在免疫前及第1次免疫后10、24、60、180 d 采集血样和乳样,ELISA 测定抗体效价,用快速诊断液检测隐性乳房炎,统计患病奶山羊的数量。结果显示,与对照组相比,两次免疫后血液及乳汁中针对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性表皮葡萄球菌及产色葡萄球菌的抗体效价含量均显著增加（P ＜0．05）,抗体维持时间长;颈部皮下免疫组免疫后180 d,腹股沟皮下免疫组免疫后的60 d,隐性乳房炎奶山羊数量均明显下降。结果表明,本研究制备的奶山羊乳房炎疫苗不仅能够刺激机体产生较好的体液免疫应答,而且还对隐性乳房炎有显著的治疗效果。     

夏玉米3414田间肥料试验结果初报

通过氮、磷、钾3大要素,高、中、低3种土壤肥力,不施肥、氮磷配、氮钾配及磷钾配4种搭配方式,采取4个施肥水平,即0水平=不施肥、1水平=本地最佳施肥量、2水平=本地最佳施肥量×2、3水平=2水平×1.5(过量施肥水平),另加硫酸锌处理,经回归方程计算分析,找出高中低水平田不同产量结构氮、磷、钾的最佳配比,获得最大产量效能。     

贵阳市农民培训状况调查分析

通过问卷、实地走访及相关文献查阅,调查了贵阳市农民培训的需求及供给的基本情况,并以此为依据进行分析,针对培训工作不到位、机制不健全、投入不足及内容、方式错位等问题,提出了培训要以满足农民需求为宗旨,建立健全配套制度,增加培训实效和提升农村劳动增量素质的对策建议。     

不同耕作制对水田土壤有效硅的影响

人工模拟试验结果表明,耕型旱地红壤改为不同稻作制后有效硅下降,其顺序为冬油>冬绿>冬泡,淹水植稻期间是前期明显增加,到分蘖末期达峰值,孕穗至始穗期显著下降,以后缓慢继续降低,到黄熟期降到最低值;早、晚稻期间比较,晚稻期明显减少,而不同耕作制相比,则冬泡制高于冬种制,另外,施用有机肥能使有效硅提高,且随用量增加而加大。