豫南平原小麦主要农艺性状灰色关联度分析

为探讨小麦各主要农艺性状对产量影响的主次关系,运用灰色关联度分析方法,对2008、2009年两年小麦品比试验的结果进行分析。结果表明,产量高的品种其单位面积穗数和千粒重也相应较高,综合抗病性好的品种产量也较高;关联度大小依次为:单位面积穗数>千粒重>穗粒数>扬花期>成熟期>赤霉病>纹枯病>条锈病>白粉病。说明该地区与产量密切的主要农艺性状为单位面积穗数、千粒重、穗粒数。     

湘烟3号烘烤过程中温湿度研究

[目的]摸索湘烟3号的一般性烘烤工艺及烘烤过程中的诊断指标,为制订湘烟3号的烘烤方法提供依据。[方法]在烤烟3段式烘烤工艺的基础上,调整变黄期和定色期湿球温度和烟叶变黄程度指标,设4个处理,在3地从烘烤成本、经济性状、外观质量和化学成分4个方面,分别考察上、中、下部烟叶的烘烤工艺。[结果]湘烟3号在烘烤过程中,干球温度38℃、湿球温度36℃时,下部烟叶的诊断指标为烟叶变黄7成,叶片变软,主脉1/2变软,中、上部烟叶的诊断指标为烟叶变黄9成,叶片变软,主脉1/3变软;变黄后期中、下部烟叶湿球温度应控制在38℃,上部烟叶的湿球温度应稳定在39℃。[结论]初步研究了湘烟3号变黄期的温、湿度及烟叶变化状况,至于其田间成熟规律和基本表象、烟叶的变黄和失水速度及其协调性等方面有待进一步探索。     

Irrigated cotton in the tropical dry season. I: Yield,its components and crop development

Growing cotton during the dry (winter) season avoids many insect pests endemic in the wet season (summer) and could permit the reintroduction of cotton to the semi-arid tropics in Australia. This research addressed the questions: (1) what yield is possible given the lower mid-season radiation and temperature of the dry season, (2) the prediction and management of crop development using a range of sowing months to assess whether cotton can be grown and picked within the dry season. Over three seasons two Gossypium hirsutum L. (upland) cultivars and one Gossypium barbadense L. cultivar were sown from March, to June at the Ord River (15.5°S) in Western Australia. For the upland cultivars, lint yields of 1900–2300 kg/ha for March and April sowings were at the high end of Australian and International benchmarks. High lint yields were linearly correlated with a greater proportion of bolls that were located on outer sites on fruiting branches than for high yielding crops in temperate climates (∼30°lat.). The change in boll position increased the length of the growing season which was also linearly correlated with yield. Future research needs to confirm if low minimum temperatures early in flowering caused the change in boll position and to measure the impact of extreme temperature seasons on yield and time to maturity. The lint yield of the G. barbadense cultivar was highest at a March sowing, at least 87% of the upland cultivars, which is comparable with temperate climates. The frequency of temperatures >35 °C and <11 °C affected time to squaring, requiring modification of existing development models derived in temperate climates. It was concluded sowing during March to April should achieve the dual objectives of high yields and avoidance of rain at maturity. The wide temperature range observed in these experiments improved the prediction of boll period from mean temperature; this function should be applicable outside the semi-arid tropics.     

毛白杨林分密度表的编制及其应用

利用胸径与树冠投影面积、胸径与树冠表面积的回归关系，编制出林分郁闭度为１．０，０．５～０．７时各径阶的林分密度表，供生产中应用。     

落叶松生态场冠影响函数与林冠结构的关系

通过对落叶松人工林枝叶空间分布的研究，给出落叶人工林叶面积空间分布函数，综合多因子的影响，确定冠影响函数形式，从而确立由冠影响下的资源等级的函数形式，综合邻近树的共同影响，给出落叶松林地的资源等级水平分布情况。     

胶合高含水率单板改性脲醛树脂胶研究

采用常规脲醛树脂胶生产胶合板,单板含水率通常为8%～12%。本项研究,对脲醛树脂进行改性,单板含水率可提高到18%～2O%,生产的胶合板符合国家Ⅱ类胶合板标准。在工厂生产性试验结果表明,提高干燥机生产能力20%～25%,节能10%以上,降低单板干缩损失和破损,可以提高单板出板率5%～15%,树脂制造与常规脲醛树脂相似,可在胶合板厂推广应用。     

竹丝真空染色工艺试验

竹丝染色是丰富竹制品的色彩,提高竹产品的附加值必不可少的重要处理手段.采用真空浸渍法对竹材进行染色,分析真空度、温度和时间对染色效果的影响.研究结果表明,真空度、温度和时间是影响上染率和色差的重要因素,适宜的工艺参数为真空度-0.05MPa,温度60℃,时间45 min.     

Changes in the physical and chemical properties of six Japanese softwoods caused by lengthy smoke-heating treatment

The effects of prolonged smoke-heating treatments on wood quality were investigated. Six Japanese softwoods were smoke-heated for 100 and 200h at a temperature of 75° ± 5°C, which was recorded inside the log. After smoke heating, wood quality, including moisture content, amounts of chemical components, relative degree of crystallinity (RDC) of cellulose, and sapwood color were examined. Moisture content decreased as a result of smoke heating, especially in sapwood, leading to a uniform distribution of moisture content within a log. Almost no difference was found in the amounts of chemical components between the control woods and the woods that were smoke-heated for 100h. However, in the wood that was smoke-heated for 200h, the amounts of holocellulose decreased, suggesting that thermal deterioration and/or degradation of hemicelluloses had occurred. We assume that the increase in RDC was caused by smoke heating with the crystallization of cellulose and/or thermal degradation of hemicelluloses. Almost no differences were found in sapwood color between the control woods and the woods that were smoke-heated for 100h. In the wood that was smoke-heated for 200h, however, L*decreased, whereas a* and b* increased. As a result, E*ab, showing the total color change, increased, resulting in a deeper color. These results suggest that thermal degradation of hemicelluloses was caused by smoke heating for over 100h. Therefore, smoke heating of softwood logs using a commercial-scale kiln should not exceed 100h.     

九寨沟不同受损林地土壤特征研究

为了探索九寨沟地震不同受损林地土壤理化特征分布情况,进一步提高受损栖息地林草植被快速恢复模式的合理性,根据研究区震损程度,分析了各样地土壤理化性质.结果表明:土壤容重随震损程度增强呈先减小再增大的趋势;有效磷和铵态氮含量随震损程度增加而升高,而速效钾和硝态氮含量降低.因此,应根据不同震损地块的土壤理化性质进行有针对性的...