Fruit skin side cracking and ostiole-end splitting shorten postharvest life in fresh figs (Ficus carica L.), but are reduced by deficit irrigation

Side cracking and ostiole-end splitting skin damage affected decay development and the percentage of sound fruit during fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) postharvest handling and marketing. Modification of current grading standard tolerances according to cultivar is suggested to protect the consumers and improve marketable yield. The type and degree of skin damage varied among cultivars. For ‘Brown Turkey’, ‘Kadota’ and ‘Sierra’, slight skin-damage prior to cold storage increased decay and reduced postharvest life. In contrast, the postharvest life of ‘Black Mission’ fig was not significantly affected by a slight degree of skin damage prior to cold storage. Furthermore, postharvest decay incidence was associated with the degree of side cracking and ostiole-end splitting at harvest. Because fruit skin side cracking and ostiole-end splitting occur during fruit growth and development, prevention by regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) with 55% ET_c was studied for two years. In both seasons, fruit quality attributes were not affected by RDI, except for ‘Brown Turkey’, where size decreased by 21% during one season. RDI significantly reduced fruit skin side cracking and ostiole-end splitting in ‘Brown Turkey’ and skin side cracking in ‘Sierra’, increasing marketable fruit by 50% in ‘Brown Turkey’ and 18% in ‘Sierra’.     

混合动力汽车混合度设计方法研究

提出了并联型混合动力汽车的混合度设计方法,重点讨论混合度设计的约束条件、边值条件及其计算方法。并结合实例说明该混合度的设计方法可合理、有效地确定动力源的功率参数。     

脱乙酰化几丁质的乙酰化程度对诱导油菜抗性的影响

 对甘蓝型油菜“西农长角”发芽 5d的幼苗子叶进行涂抹抗性诱导效应及基机理的影响研究表明 ,脱乙酰化几丁质对抗性的诱导与水扬酸 (SA)相似 ,但乙酰化程度对诱导效果有显著的影响并体现出一定的规律性。苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)活性随乙酰化程度增加而提高 ;而几丁质酶活性则随乙酰化程度增加而下降 ,只有完全脱乙酰化 (D .A .为 0 % )的 10B和GC能诱导酶活性提高 ,而D .A .为 10 %、2 0 %、30 %的 7B、8B和 9B则表现出抑制作用 ;过氧化物酶(POD)活性都能被诱导而比对照高 ,但乙酰化程度的影响不显著。     

超甜玉米鲜穗产量与主要农艺性状灰色关联分析

应用灰色关联度分析法，对12个超甜玉米杂交种9个主要农艺性状与鲜穗产量进行分析。结果表明：超甜玉米杂交种鲜穗产量与各性状的关联度大小顺序为吐丝期〉穗行数〉穗长〉穗粗〉双穗率〉行粒数〉株高〉百粒重〉着粒深度。为优质高产超甜玉米杂交种选育提供参考。     

利用染色体单片段代换系定位水稻垩白QTL

为了鉴定和定位水稻垩白相关QTL,分析其遗传效应,利用籼稻品种广陆矮4号为受体,粳稻品种日本晴为供体构建的84个染色体单片段代换系群体为试验材料,通过单因素方差分析和Dunnett's多重比较,对代换片段上垩白相关QTL进行鉴定。以P≤0.001为阈值,共检测到36个垩白相关QTL。其中,垩白度QTL共19个,其加性效应值为-6.44~12.86,加性效应百分率为-34.04%~68.02%。垩白粒率相关QTL共17个,其加性效应值为-7.32~3.63,加性效应百分率为-8.07%~4.00%。这些QTL的鉴定为进一步精细定位并克隆相应QTL,提高稻米外观品质奠定了基础。     

基于计算机视觉技术的水果形状分级方法

以彩色图像为处理对象,提出一种基于傅里叶变换的水果形状分级方法,采用梯度法检测彩色水果图像的边缘,再用边界跟踪算法获取水果的轮廓半径序列,然后将其进行离散傅里叶变换,最后利用傅里叶系数定义分类器,根据给定的分类阈值对水果形状进行分类,对不同水果形状的试验证明了这种方法的有效性。     

粗饲料品质对体外发酵部分指标的影响

本试验以安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的3头荷斯坦奶牛为动物模型,利用体外批次培养法,比较研究了玉米青贮、苜蓿干草、羊草和玉米秸秆等四种单一粗饲料体外发酵效果。本试验以GI为指标对粗饲料品质进行测定,GI指数分别为9.05MJ、48.71MJ、9.41MJ和1.81MJ。结果表明:粗饲料品质对培养液pH值有显著影响(P<0.05),平均值分别为(6.436、.476、.506、.41),随着培养时间的延长,各组pH值均呈下降趋势,其中秸秆组下降幅度最大,24h培养液pH值为6.27,羊草组pH值下降幅度最小;粗饲料品质对培养液NH3-N、产气量、VFAs和BCP产量有显著影响(P<0.05),其中苜蓿最高,秸秆最低,青贮NH3-N和VFA产量高于羊草,羊草产气量和BCP产量高于青贮;各组培养液乙/丙比例平均值大小顺序为羊草>秸秆>苜蓿>青贮,平均值分别为(2.132、.042、.001、.73)。     

基于遥感与GIS的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度评价研究——以青岛市为例

应用遥感和GIS技术,对土壤侵蚀潜在危险度影响因子的提取方法和指标模型进行了探讨,把坡度、降雨侵蚀力、植被覆盖度、土层厚度、土壤可蚀性、岩性、人口环境容量、坡耕地占坡地面积比例等8个因子作为评价土壤侵蚀潜在危险度的主要因素,利用改进型层次分析法确定8个因子的权重,利用ARCGIS和ARCVIEW软件,对青岛市土壤侵蚀潜在危险度进行了分级评价。     

Irrigated cotton in the tropical dry season. I: Yield,its components and crop development

Growing cotton during the dry (winter) season avoids many insect pests endemic in the wet season (summer) and could permit the reintroduction of cotton to the semi-arid tropics in Australia. This research addressed the questions: (1) what yield is possible given the lower mid-season radiation and temperature of the dry season, (2) the prediction and management of crop development using a range of sowing months to assess whether cotton can be grown and picked within the dry season. Over three seasons two Gossypium hirsutum L. (upland) cultivars and one Gossypium barbadense L. cultivar were sown from March, to June at the Ord River (15.5°S) in Western Australia. For the upland cultivars, lint yields of 1900–2300 kg/ha for March and April sowings were at the high end of Australian and International benchmarks. High lint yields were linearly correlated with a greater proportion of bolls that were located on outer sites on fruiting branches than for high yielding crops in temperate climates (∼30°lat.). The change in boll position increased the length of the growing season which was also linearly correlated with yield. Future research needs to confirm if low minimum temperatures early in flowering caused the change in boll position and to measure the impact of extreme temperature seasons on yield and time to maturity. The lint yield of the G. barbadense cultivar was highest at a March sowing, at least 87% of the upland cultivars, which is comparable with temperate climates. The frequency of temperatures >35 °C and <11 °C affected time to squaring, requiring modification of existing development models derived in temperate climates. It was concluded sowing during March to April should achieve the dual objectives of high yields and avoidance of rain at maturity. The wide temperature range observed in these experiments improved the prediction of boll period from mean temperature; this function should be applicable outside the semi-arid tropics.     

新疆阿勒泰地区汛期降水集中度和集中期的时空变化特征

利用新疆阿勒泰地区7个台站1961-2007年5-9月（第25-54候）逐侯降水资料,分别讨论全区和各站汛期降水集中度和集中期在时间和空间上的分布特征和变化规律。结果表明：降水集中度（PCD）和集中期（PCP）能够定量表征降水量在时空场上的非均一性。阿勒泰全区汛期降水平均集中度为0.205,平均集中期为第38.12侯。平均集中度空间分布不均匀,东部比西部大;平均集中期基本一致,阿勒泰、福海站比其它站略偏晚。利用Morlet小波变换求出阿勒泰全区及各站PCD和PCP的变化周期,周期在空间分布上表现出较大的地域差异。通过降水距平与集中度和集中期的相关合成分析表明,大部分站的集中度和集中期与汛期降水距平呈负相关;多水年的集中度比少水年小,多水年的集中期比少水年早,但空间分布存在相同和不同之处。