Evidence of durable resistance in nine Chinese land races and one Italian cultivar ofTriticum aestivum toPuccinia striiformis

In this study carried out from 1987 to 1994, in a very conducive environment to stripe rust, nine Chinese land races and one Italian cultivar of wheat showed fair levels of quantitative resistance to rust disease. The nine old Chinese cultivars had a commercial planting history in this conducive environment ranging from 20 to 100 years, in a cultivation area of 20 to 467 thousand hectares p.a. with no apparent erosion of resistance. The Italian cultivar has been used commercially for 15 years in China without showing a decrease in the level of quantitative resistance. All these data warrant the conclusion that the ten cultivars have a form of durable resistance to stripe rust.     

生物间遗传学在防治河北省小麦叶锈病研究中的应用

作者应用生物间遗传学的观点和方法,对河北省的小麦品种与叶锈菌的相互作用进行了分析。供试的叶锈菌是来自河北省的177个标样,供试的28个小麦品种包括河北省的主要生产品种、区试品种(系)抗源和新鉴别寄主。用毒力频率法分析品种与叶锈菌群体的关系,有6个品种即鉴61、保麦2号、翼植88-5163、石86-2848、唐86-4043和百农3217表现较抗病。根据这6个品种对叶锈菌群体的反应、列出33种不同的毒性公式,在此基础上,根据若干品种对叶锈菌群体同时表现抵抗或感染计算抗性组合,为品种合理布局选择最佳组合,在小种鉴定方面,用新鉴别寄主对177个菌株的反应鉴定出频率在3.4%以上的小种8个,其中以V1,9-16和V1,9-12,14-16的频率较高,分别为13.6%和10.7%,也是近两年来北方冬麦区常出现的小种类型。在小种鉴定的基础上,根据28个品种与6个优势小种互作所出现的浸染型来推导品种和叶锈菌的基因型,共推导出7个抗性基因分散在不同的品种中。     

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——春孢子形态及酯酶同工酶变异

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——鞘锈菌（Ｃｏｌｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）的分类历来很乱。传统的分类方法都是依冬孢子形态和冬孢子寄主来进行的。但近年的研究表明１种鞘锈菌的春孢子可以侵染２种或２种以上的冬孢子寄主，所以按冬孢子寄主来划分鞘锈菌的种是不合理的。文中在病害症状观察和春孢子表面形态观察的基础上，首次对樟子松３种不同形态的春孢子的酯酶同工酶进行了分析，从而为鞘锈菌的分子分类学研究奠定了基础。     

西吉县小麦丰产抗锈病品种综合分析选优

2003~2005年进行了冬春小麦42个水旱地品种的比较试验,运用灰色关联综合评价方法,筛选出西吉县丰产抗条锈病品种:冬小麦水地品种静冬9717、静冬941、静冬9718,旱地品种8802、陇原935、陇原992综合性状较好且抗条锈病;春小麦水地品种宁春4号、802-15、定丰806;旱地品种93-163-6、陇春8139-2综合性状较优,除宁春4号较易感条锈病外,其它品种均抗锈病。抗病品种比感病品种提高产量15.40%~61.12%。建议今后在西吉县大面积推广种植这些品种时,水浇地要特别注意宁春4号品种的条锈病预测及防治工作。     

Histological investigation of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) development in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars

The wheat cultivar Kariega expresses complete adult plant resistance against stripe rust, whereas cv. Avocet S is susceptible. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, initial fungal penetration into flag leaves was identical in both cultivars, with directional germ-tube growth towards stomata that were penetrated without the formation of an appressorium, followed by differentiation of a substomatal vesicle, infection hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria. During the following 4 days, further fungal development occurred more quickly in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivar. However, by 7 days postinoculation (dpi) the situation changed, with exponential growth of the pathogen occurring only in the susceptible line. Induced cellular lignification, a typical defence reaction of cereals, was observed at 4 dpi in the resistant cultivar, and 2 days later lignified tissue completely surrounded the fungal colonies. In the susceptible cultivar, isolated lignified host cells occurred at 6 dpi, and long, unbranched fungal hyphae outgrowing the resistance reaction were observed.     

大豆锈病研究现状与进展

大豆锈病近年在东南亚、南美洲发展迅速,对大豆生产威胁越来越大,尤其2004年11月登陆美国大陆,更引起大豆研究者、大豆生产国和进口国的极大关注。本文介绍了近年国际上大豆锈病的研究进展,主要包括大豆锈病的发现、地理分布、病原、症状、寄主范围、病原菌生理分化和防治技术研究等。     

Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under controlled environments : II. Effects of shifting day/night temperature regimes on scale bulblets

One-year old scale bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown for 107 days during growth period 1 (GP-1) in six growth chambers under constant day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C. Subsequently, half of the plants in each temperature regime were transferred to 18/14 °C and the other half continued at the six constant temperature regimes. Both groups of plants were grown for an additional 89 days in growth period 2 (GP-2). Continuous temperatures of 26/22, 26/22–22/18 and 26/22–18/14 °C produced the greatest increase in basal bulb fresh weight (the main planted bulb), basal bulb circumference and stem bulb fresh weight, respectively. However, shifting these optimal temperatures to 18/14 °C during GP-2 resulted in a lower increase in basal bulb fresh weight and circumference. The optimum range for stem bulb production was expanded to 30/26–14/10 °C by shifting to 18/14 °C. The greatest increase for basal root growth occurred at 14/10–10/6 °C and for stem root growth at 14/10 °C. The temperature shift did not affect either root type. Maximum increase for stem length was at 26/22 and 22/18 °C and for stem plus leaf weight at 14/10 °C under constant temperature regimes. Transferring the plants from 10/6 to 18/14 °C resulted in the greatest increase in stem length and from 10/6 and 14/10 to 18/14 °C in the greatest increase in stem plus leaf weight. The greatest increase in the number of leaves occurred at 26/22 and 10/6 °C, but this growth parameter was unaffected by shifting to 18/14 °C, indicating that leaf number was determined in GP-1. Bulbils developed only when bulbs at high GP-1 temperature regimes (30/26 and 26/22 °C) were transferred to 18/14 °C during GP-2. Lower temperatures tended to favor an increase in flower bud production under continuous temperature regimes, while shifting to 18/14 °C increased flower bud production after initially high and low temperatures. Meristem abortion was greatest at 30/26 °C followed by 26/22 °C, but was not affected by temperature shifts in GP- 2. Thus, it is concluded that the abortion was induced or initiated during GP-1.     

小麦LRR类抗病相关基因及其cDNA 3′末端的克隆与分析

抗病基因克隆对于培育抗病作物品种和研究病原物与寄主之间相互作用机制具有重要意义。目前,已经从多种植物中成功克隆了48个抗病基因[1]。从这些克隆的基因及其所揭示的产物结构和功能看,已克隆的植物抗病基因在氨基酸水平上表现了一定程度的相似性,在一些区段高度保守[2,3],这一特性使得同源克隆成为可能,目前已广泛用于植物抗病基因及其同源物的分离。其中Lr10是利用该技术获得成功克隆的首次报道[4]。cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification ofcDNA ends,RACE),是一种从低丰度转录本中快速扩增cDNA5′和3′末端简单而有效的方…     

甘蔗锈病研究进展

甘蔗锈病是甘蔗上的重要病害之一,近年来在我国的为害有逐年扩大和加重的趋势。为此,综述了甘蔗锈病的分布与为害、症状类型与特点、病原种类与特征及其系统发育学、病害发生规律、预测预报及综合防治方面的最新研究进展,并提出了今后研究的方向。     

Chromosomal Location of Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis in the Wheat Line TP1295 Selected from the Cross of Soissonais-Desprez with Lemhi

Crosses of a wheat line TP1295 with the cultivar Chinese Spring monosomic series were used to locate, on chromosome 1D, a major gene for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22 of race 6E0 of Puccinia striiformis. The gene is designated as Yr25 and is probably present in several of the cultivars currently widely used for differentiating races of this pathogen. The expression of the gene was modified by the environment and by at least one minor gene which may be located on chromosome 6A. In F2 and F3 generations from a cross between TP1295 and euploid Chinese Spring, a wide range of variation in infection type (IT) was observed. This precluded the classification of the plants as either resistant or susceptible, so they were assigned to 6 classes and analyzed by factorial correspondence analysis and non-hierarchical classification. When all F3 plants in a family were fully resistant, like TP1295 itself (IT ;), both Yr25 and the modifying gene were assumed to be present and homozygous. In environments favourable to expression of the gene, families thought to carry Yr25 alone had a distribution of ITs from fully resistant (IT ;) to intermediate (IT 2, rarely 3 or 3+). This F3 analysis indicated that use of IT data alone, in the monosomic analysis, would not reveal the chromosomal location of the genes and that chromosome counting of numerous plants was necessary. As well as indicating the chromosomes carrying the genes for resistance to isolate WYR 85-22, the data showed that plants monosomic for chromosomes 5B and 5D were more resistant than the corresponding disomics, indicating that these chromosomes promote susceptibility and supporting other evidence of the effects of these chromosomes on yellow rust resistance.