Responses of plant community to the linkages in plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands,China

Succession is one of the central themes of ecology;however,the relationship between aboveground plant communities and underground soils during secondary succession remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the composition of plant community,plant-soil C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships during secondary succession after the abandonment of farmlands for 0,10,20,30,40 and 50 a in China,2016.Results showed that the composition of plant communities was most diverse in the farmlands after secondary succession for 20 and 50 a.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents slightly decreased after secondary succession for 30 a,but both were significantly higher than those of control farmland(31.21%-139.10%and 24.24%-121.21%,respectively).Moreover,C:N ratios of soil and microbe greatly contributed to the changes in plant community composition during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands,explaining 35.70%of the total variation.Particularly,soil C:N ratio was significantly and positively related with the Shannon-Wiener index.This study provides the evidence of synchronous evolution between plant community and soil during secondary succession and C:N ratio is an important linkage between them.     

典型草原区植物群落结构特征动态监测

1999-2002年在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟白音锡勒牧场典型草原区海流特,监测主要植物群落结构特征。结果表明,随时间推移,试验区主要群落的优势植物大针茅、羊草相对高度、相对盖度、相对密度和相对生物量呈降低趋势,退化指示植物冷蒿、狼毒相对高度、相对盖度、相对密度、相对生物量呈增加趋势;试验区群落物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀性指数随时间推移均呈降低趋势;围栏在试验区草地植物群落特征的保持方面很有效,但围栏内植物群落特征随时间推移仍呈退化趋势。     

艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性研究

以重要值为测度指标,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度和均匀度的6个测定指数对艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:在整个研究区荒漠植物群落中,盐穗木、盐节木、白梭梭、梭梭和盐爪爪等物种有较高的重要值,草本的重要值较低。各群落类型的物种多样性指数的顺序为:白梭梭>胡杨>盐穗木>盐豆木>罗布麻>琵琶柴>花花柴>白刺>柽柳>白麻>芦苇>芨芨草>梭梭>骆驼刺>甘草>盐节木。     

商丘黄河故道游览区不同生境蚂蚁多样性研究

采用陷阱诱捕法,在商丘黄河故道地带性植被区5种生境中共采集蚂蚁590头,隶属3亚科6属7种,优势种为黑头酸臭蚁[Tapinoma melanocephalum(Fabricius)]、红林蚁(Formica sinae Emery)、掘穴蚁(Formica cunicxularia Latreille)、黄立毛蚁[Paratre chinaflavipes(Smith)]。     

硬质早熟禾群落生物量初步研究

研究了硬质熟禾群落６月和７月份生物量，研究结果表明，６、７月份地上生物量分别为８４．８４，８８．４４ｇ／ｍ＾２，地下生物量分别是１５９．０，２２０．６ｇ／ｍ＾２。     

云南小黑山自然保护区中山湿性常绿阔叶林主要植物群落调查

小黑山省级自然保护区中山湿性常绿阔叶林是云南省西南的地带性森林.在对其主要植物群落(群系)进行典型选样调查的基础上,论述了森林的生境、乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物,并对它们的共性和特殊性、垂直分布、生物多样性进行了评价.     

农村社区体育发展存在的问题及对策

在分析农村社区及农村社区体育概念的基础上,剖析了农村社区体育发展现状,提出了建设社会主义和谐社会目标下农村社区体育的发展对策,以期为推进农村社区体育的发展和建设提供理论参考。     

Short-term responses of soil decomposer and plant communities to stump harvesting in boreal forests

Recently, in addition to logging residues, stumps have become an important component in energy production since there is growing global interest in the use of renewable energy sources in order to decrease anthropogenic carbon emissions. Harvesting of stumps influences the forest floor by changing vegetation and soil organic layers and exposing mineral soil across large areas. We studied whether stump harvesting after clear felling poses further short-term changes in boreal forest soil decomposer community (microbes and mesofauna) and vegetation when compared to the traditional site preparation practice (mounding). In general, stump harvesting caused decline in enchytraeid abundance but did not induce further major changes in decomposer community otherwise nor in vegetation of each soil micro-habitat (intact soil and exposed mineral soil). However, the abundances of almost all decomposer animals were lower in the exposed mineral soil than in the intact soil. Stump removal increased the area of exposed mineral soil in the clear felled areas, leading to lower amount of high quality habitat for most decomposer organisms. Hence, it is obvious that there are (or will be) differences in the decomposer community dynamics between the treatments at the forest stand level. Both species richness and coverage of plants benefitted from large-scale exposure of mineral soil. Because the stump removal procedure disturbs soil organic layers and negatively affects the decomposer community, it has the potential to alter nutrient dynamics in forests.     

城市化对杭州市繁殖鸟类物种多样性与功能多样性格局的影响

2007年3月至2007年8月,在杭州地区的城区、城乡结合区、农田区、农林交错区和自然林区等不同城市化程度的栖息地内各设置了90条100 m×3000 m调查样线,采用样线法对鸟类种类及其数量进行调查,采用实地调查与查阅文献相结合的方法确定每种鸟类的营巢类型和功能团,采用Shannon-Wiener指数计算鸟类群落的物种多样性和功能多样性.同时,对栖息地的人为干扰、植被盖度、人工设施指数等3项参数进行测定,并以此计算出各样线的城市化综合指数.调查结果显示,研究区内共记录有繁殖鸟类96种,分属于林冠枝干营巢功能团、灌草丛营巢功能团、林冠枝干/灌草丛营巢功能团、自然洞穴营巢功能团、人工建筑营巢功能团、自然洞穴/人工建筑营巢功能团、地面营巢功能团、水面营巢功能团和寄生功能团等9种功能团.对鸟类群落的物种数、物种多样性、功能团丰富度、功能多样性与城市化综合指数进行回归分析发现,城市化对鸟类群落的物种数、物种多样性、功能团丰富度和功能多样性均有着极显著性的影响,并且随着城市化程度的提高这些参数值均明显下降.不过,物种数和物种多样性与功能团丰富度和功能多样性间的下降模式存在明显差异.其中,物种数和物种多样性基本旱线性下降模式,即随着城市化程度的提高,物种丰富度及多样性基本为匀速下降;而功能团丰富度和功能多样性则呈二次函数下降模式,即在城市化初期,功能团丰富度和功能多样性下降不明显,但随着城市化程度的继续提高,功能团丰富度和功能多样性呈现加速下降的趋势.可见,鸟类群落的物种多样性和功能多样性对城市化的响应存在差异.虽然适度城市化可使物种多样性下降,但对功能多样性的影响却不明显;而群落的功能多样性则对高度城市化更为敏感.进一步对鸟类群落功能多样性与物种多样性的回归分析显示,功能多样性与物种多样性亦呈二次函数曲线关系,即在低多样性水平时,功能多样性与物种多样性基本呈线性关系,但随着多样性水平的逐渐升高,功能多样性的增长速度则明显慢于物种多样性的增长速度.由此可见,当群落物种多样性达到一定水平时,物种的增加不会明显地提高群落的功能多样性.     

Linking spatial pattern of bottom fish assemblages with water masses in the North Sea

Understanding the links between large scale spatial structuring of fish assemblages and shaping factors is essential to develop comprehensive ecosystem-based fisheries management. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of bottom fish assemblages in the North Sea in relation to prevailing water masses in the region. We based our analysis on catch data from the German Small-Scale Bottom Trawl Survey conducted between 1987 and 2005 and used both ordination techniques and Mantel tests. Spatial variability of bottom fish assemblages was larger than inter-annual variability. Five significantly different bottom fish assemblages were associated with the following prevailing hydrographical regimes: i) the English Channel, ii) Continental Coastal, iii) central North Sea, iv) northern North Sea, and v) northern Atlantic water masses. Associations were generated by gradients in relative proportions of abundant species such as grey gurnard ( Eutrigla gurnardus ), dab ( Limanda limanda ), whiting ( Merlangius merlangus ), haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) and Norway pout ( Trisopterus esmarki ). Taking into account large scale spatial structuring of catch data Mantel tests confirmed significant correlation between the fish assemblages and hydrographical variables. In summary, our results strongly support the hypotheses that hydrographical features such as water masses, fronts, and residual currents could shape bottom fish associations in the North Sea. Spatial demarcations of bottom fish assemblages indicated by this study can be used to support ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies.