Genetic diversity and relationship between cultivated clones of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> of wide geographical origin using RAPD markers

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymor- phism was employed to assess the genetic diversity in the elite germ- plasm of Dalbergia sissoo. Sixty-seven clones that are under cultivation in northern India, originated from six different states of India and Nepal were analyzed with 30 RAPD primers that generated a total of 342 frag- ments out of which 290 were polymorphic. Total genetic diversity (Ht) varied between 0.01 and 0.37, with an average of 0.19. Shannon's In- formation index (I) varied between ...     

Assessment of genetic diversity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> clones through RAPD profiling

We studied the genetic polymorphism among 29 clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb) belonging to different geographic regions using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Out of 30 primers used, only 20 primers generated polymorphism in amplified product. In total 232 bands were amplified with 20 primers, of which 192 (82%) were polymorphic with an average of 9.6 bands/primer. The resolving power (Rp) ranged from 2.14 (Primer 5) to 11.93 (Primer 4). Primer 4 and Primer 3 possessed high Rp value. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.15 (Primer 5) to 0.37 (Primer 4). Primer 4 amplified total 18 bands in 29 genotypes with PIC value of 0.37 hence; this set of primer was most informative. The similarity coefficient analysis revealed two clusters. The first cluster comprised of only 10 clones and the second major cluster comprised of 19 clones. The genetic similarity among 29 clones ranged from 25.86% (clone 10 and 235) to 100% (clone 19 and 59), suggesting a wide genetic base in shisham clones.     

东南亚产3种黑酸枝木木材构造特征比较研究

对从东南亚进口的刀状黑黄檀(Dalbergia cultrata)、黑黄檀(D.fusca)、阔叶黄檀(D.latifolia)3种黑酸枝木木材构造特征进行比较研究。结果表明,三者的宏观构造在材色、花纹和木屑酒精浸渍液方面有较大的差异;微观构造主要在轴向薄壁组织类型、木射线类型方面差异明显。     

Biomass and nutrient cycling in bamboo (Bambusa bambos) plantations of tropical areas

Biomass productivity and nutrient cycling in a Bambusa bambos plantation aged 4, 5, and 6 years were studied. The dry matter production of above-ground biomass increased progressively with age. Nutrient quantities in bamboo stands were in a range of 1–2 t ha^-1 for N and K, 0.5–1 t ha^-1 for Ca and Mg, and 0.1–0.2 t ha^-1 for P. Nutrient concentrations increased with the age of the plantation. About 10% year^-1 the nutrients present in the biomass of the bamboo stand are recycled to the soil by litter fall.     

试论陈寅恪的义理阐释方法

融合中西、化合古今、铸旧创新,是民国学术的一大特色。学术大师陈寅恪结合中国传统的义理之学与近现代西方兴起的诠释学而形成的义理阐释方法,就是这一特色的典型表现,它也是陈寅恪治学的重要方法。陈的这一方法的内容可以概括为同情理解、视域融合、比较分析和心理研究,等等,其特点是强调阐释解读文本要去除“成见”、跨越时空、遥接作者之心于千百年之上;此外,以考据为基础的阐释和考据、义理相资为用,则既是其内容,又是其特色所在。     

中华农学会成立初期的史实考述

清末民初以来,农学界人士开始集结同人,以学会组织的形式推进农学研究。中华农学会是民国时期会员最为众多,组织最为稳固,会务最为活跃的全国性农学团体。但是,关于其成立的时间、地点以及首任会长等基本问题,学界长期以来存在诸多不同说法,就连当事人的回忆也各不相同。参照比勘各方留存资料,重新考订中华农学会成立及其初期的基本史实,尽量呈现其"近真"历史图像。     

斜叶黄檀精油脂质体的制备及其抑制黑色素合成的研究

研究不同浓度斜叶黄檀精油（0、5、10、15、20 mg/L）对制备的脂质体稳定性及其抑制斑马鱼胚胎黑色素合成的影响。通过粒径、多分散系数、Zeta电位、包封率指标来表征斜叶黄檀精油脂质体,评价其在4 ℃下储藏4周的稳定性。结果发现,10 mg/L的斜叶黄檀精油脂质体在储藏过程中最为稳定,包封率达到最大,为45.10%±0.27%。斜叶黄檀精油脂质体可呈浓度依赖式的降低斑马鱼胚胎的酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素含量;20 mg/L的斜叶黄檀精油脂质体对斑马鱼胚胎的酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素含量的抑制作用与30 mg/L的斜叶黄檀精油的效果无显著差异。本研究构建了相对稳定的斜叶黄檀精油脂质体载体,研究了斜叶黄檀精油脂质体的褪黑效果,为斜叶黄檀精油脂质体作为皮肤增白剂的开发和利用提供了理论基础。     

西藏飞蝗虫粪粗提物的成分分析及其活性测定

西藏飞蝗作为青藏高原独有的飞蝗亚种,近年来发生危害严重,对其聚集机制的研究是西藏飞蝗生态治理的基础。采用自制Y型嗅觉仪、气质联用(GC-MS)和触角电位反应(EAG)等方法对西藏飞蝗虫粪粗提物进行了活性测定和成分分析。结果表明:乙醇浸提法是提取西藏飞蝗虫粪粗提物的较好方法。西藏飞蝗虫粪粗提物活性随虫龄增加,并且群居型成虫虫粪粗提物的活性最强。散居型蝗虫对蝗蝻虫粪粗提物的趋向性高于同虫态群居型蝗虫对蝗蝻虫粪粗提物的趋向性。不同虫态的西藏飞蝗虫粪粗提物所含化合物种类及含量有所差别,部分化合物与东亚飞蝗聚集信息素成分相同。西藏飞蝗对人工合成化合物的电生理反应变化趋势可分为三类:2μL/mL浓度下触角电位反应值最高;不同虫态西藏飞蝗对同一化合物的电生理反应变化趋势不一致;随浓度增加电生理反应显著增加。     

饲料糖含量对南方鲇幼鱼日常代谢率的影响

[目的]为了验证肉食性鱼类在摄食糖后由于代谢上的不适应造成血糖含量持续偏高和内环境的紊乱,鱼体随之产生的抗逆适应性调节导致代谢支出增加的假设。[方法]以白鱼粉、玉米油、玉米淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和糖原料,配制等蛋白质(含量为40%),等脂肪(含量为10%),不同糖梯度的3组饲料,饲料糖水平分别设计为0、15%、30%。以南方鲇(Silurus meridionalisChen)幼鱼(24.3~250.8 g)为试验对象,测定不同糖水平饲料驯养的南方鲇的日常代谢率(Rr)。[结果]结果表明:15%和30%糖饲料组南方鲇日常代谢率显著大于0糖饲料组(P<0.05);3饲料处理组南方鲇日常代谢率和体重(Wt)的双对数直线相关方程分别为:0糖:ln(Rr)=0.986 ln(Wt)+1.419,r2=0.922,n=25,P<0.001;15%糖:ln(Rr)=0.912 ln(Wt)+1.741,r2=0.966,n=21,P<0.001;30%糖:ln(Rr)=0.762 ln(Wt)+2.378,r2=0.958,n=21,P<0.001。[结论]南方鲇幼鱼由于不适应饲料糖而导致日常代谢率的增加,随着鱼体生长,南方鲇对饲料中糖的适应性逐渐提高,糖对日常代谢率的影响逐渐减小。     

Polysaccharide,proline,and anti-oxidation enzyme activities of Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis) seedlings exposed to exponential fertilization

Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)is a vulnerable high value tree species in subtropical and tropical Southeast Asia.The demand for the rehabilitation of the natural habitat of the species requires high-quality seed-lings.However,current fertilizer regimes tend to deliver a coarse rate of fertilizers that result in a low uptake efficiency and a high risk of nutrient excess.Exponential fertilization is an effective approach to promote seedling quality through identifying an optimum dose out of a range of applications.In this study,Thailand rosewood seedlings were cultured in a mixed substrate of perlite,vermiculite,and peat (2∶2∶3,v/v/v) and received exponential fertilization from 0 (con-trol),through 100,200,300,400,and 600 mg nitrogen(N) per plant over a four-month cultural rotation.Height,diameter,and shoot biomass increased with fertilizer rate and were maximized at 300 mg N per plant.This applica-tion also reduced nutrient deficiencies and avoided excess supply compared to higher rates.Polysaccharide,proline,and anti-oxidation enzyme activities tended to be greater in unfertilized controls or in over-fertilized high dosages,with lower activities around 100-300 mg N plant-1.Appli-cation of 300 mg N per plant was identified as the optimum dosage as it maximized nutrient reserves,polysaccharide and proline contents,and anti-oxidants without causing any symptoms from excess fertilizer toxicity.Future work is required to identify the effects of N-fixation on the forma-tion of nutritional reserves in Thailand rosewood seedlings subjected to exponential fertilization.