Surveying soil faunal communities using a direct molecular approach

Soil faunal communities are often phylogenetically diverse and the accurate assessment of the taxonomic structure of these communities is both time-consuming and requires a high level of taxonomic expertise. Here we describe a DNA sequence-based methodology for characterizing soil micro- and mesofaunal communities that is similar to the molecular approaches commonly used to survey soil microbial diversity. The technique involves the direct extraction of faunal DNA from soil, PCR amplification of the extracted DNA with metazoan-specific primers, followed by the construction of clone libraries and direct sequencing of individual PCR products. We used this technique to characterize micro- and mesofaunal community composition from six individual soils representing two land-use types. The technique captured the more abundant faunal groups in the soils (nematodes, Collembola, Acari, tardigrades, enchytraeids) and provided sufficient taxonomic resolution to describe the overall structure of the communities. We compared the results obtained using this molecular approach to results obtained using a traditional, microscopy-based approach and found that the results were broadly similar. However, since biases are inherent in both methods it remains unclear which method provides a more accurate assessment of soil faunal community composition. Although this molecular approach has some distinct disadvantages over the more widely-used direct extraction methods, one advantage is that the taxonomic identification it can provide will be more accurate and consistent across research groups, facilitating effective comparisons of mesofaunal surveys.     

Modification of Marine Natural Product Ningalin B and SAR Study Lead to Potent P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors

In this study, new marine ningalin B analogues containing a piperazine or a benzoloxy group at ring C have been synthesized and evaluated on their P-gp modulating activity in human breast cancer and leukemia cell lines. Their structure-activity relationship was preliminarily studied. Compounds 19 and 20 are potent P-gp inhibitors. These two synthetic analogues of permethyl ningalin B may be potentially used as effective modulators of P-gp-mediated drug resistance in cancer cells.     

三维园林设计系统的设计与实现

结合园林设计特点,认为三维效果图、园林动画是园林景观效果展示的重要形式,指出目前国内相关软件在这些方面的应用还存在一些缺陷。应用虚拟建模语言VRML,结合3DS MAX软件,开发了三维园林设计系统,介绍了三维园林设计系统的功能框架,描述了其在CAD平面图绘制、工程造价预算、虚拟现实、后续景观观看、资源扩展以及生成网页格式文件方面的功能,并对虚拟景观数据库的建模、VRML动画与交互等问题进行了探讨。     

巨大芽孢杆菌MPF-906对养鱼水质净化的初步研究

以鲫鱼为对象,利用从水产养殖水体中分离得到的巨大芽孢杆菌MPF-906,研究了其微生态制剂同步净化养鱼水质的动态变化。结果显示,在水族箱中添加巨大芽孢杆菌MPF-906制剂后,与对照组相比,水中的亚硝酸盐显著降解,COD也有所下降,pH值稳定在7.78￣8.19之间,表明巨大芽孢杆菌微生态制剂对净化养鱼水质和调节养殖水体微生态结构稳定具有明显的作用,其最适使用浓度为4×108CFU/mL。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽双低不育系2225A的选育及应用

2225AB以双低甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系98-116AB中优良不育株为母本,甘蓝型油菜黄籽双低株系2225作杂交父本,通过杂交、回交和兄妹交选育成功的高油分黄籽双低甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育两型系.黄籽不育系2225A的叶色浓绿、叶片较厚、抗寒性强,冻害指数8.5.该不育系群体的黄籽株率和黄籽频率均达100%,芥酸平均含量低于0.5%,硫甙含量低于20umol/(g·饼),含油量在45%左右,最高可达49.94%,恢复源广.     

苹果矮化砧木GA20氧化酶基因的克隆及其表达分析

为了研究GA20氧化酶基因在苹果矮化砧木中的分子特征和表达特征,利用RT-PCR方法从苹果矮化砧木2号和36号c DNA中克隆了GA20氧化酶基因(GA20ox1),并对该基因及其编码氨基酸序列以及在不同时期砧木及嫁接品种中的表达分别进行了分析。结果表明,GA20ox1基因c DNA编码序列长1 179 bp,推导编码393个氨基酸(包括终止密码子),预测蛋白相对分子质量44.3 k Da,理论等电点5.89,编码的蛋白质包含GA20ox1基因家族所具有的特征保守结构域,系统进化分析表明该蛋白序列与苹果SH40的同源性达到96.9%。实时荧光定量PCR分析显示:36号砧木在6月份GA20ox1基因表达强度显著低于八棱海棠对照,而7-8月份的均显著高于对照,其上嫁接的品种7月份表达强度显著低于对照。在7-8月份2号砧木及嫁接品种GA20ox1基因的表达强度均显著低于对照。     

Ergovaline does not alter the severity of ryegrass staggers induced by lolitrem B

AIM: To investigate a possible interaction between lolitrem B and ergovaline by comparing the incidence and severity of ryegrass staggers in sheep grazing ryegrass (Lolium perenne) containing lolitrem B or ryegrass containing both lolitrem B and ergovaline.

METHODS: Ninety lambs, aged approximately 6 months, were grazed on plots of perennial ryegrass infected with either AR98 endophyte (containing lolitrem B), standard endophyte (containing lolitrem B and ergovaline) or no endophyte, for up to 42 days from 2 February 2010. Ten lambs were grazed on three replicate plots per cultivar. Herbage samples were collected for alkaloid analysis and lambs were scored for ryegrass staggers (scores from 0–5) weekly during the study. Any animal which was scored ≥4 was removed from the study.

RESULTS: Concentrations of lolitrem B did not differ between AR98 and standard endophyte-infected pastures during the study period (p=0.26), and ergovaline was present only in standard endophyte pastures. Ryegrass staggers was observed in sheep grazing both the AR98 and standard endophyte plots, with median scores increasing in the third week of the study. Prior to the end of the 42-day grazing period, 22 and 17 animals were removed from the standard endophyte and AR98 plots, respectively, because their staggers scores were ≥4. The cumulative probability of lambs having scores ≥4 did not differ between animals grazing the two pasture types (p=0.41).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There was no evidence for ergovaline increasing the severity of ryegrass staggers induced by lolitrem B. In situations where the severity of ryegrass staggers appears to be greater than that predicted on the basis of concentrations of lolitrem B, the presence of other tremorgenic alkaloids should be investigated.     

复方中药提取物在新城疫B_1株免疫中的免疫增强作用

用自制的中药提取物与新城疫Ｂ１株混合后免疫５５日龄鸡,以血凝抑制试验测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明,５５日龄鸡的中药提取物最佳用量为１．０ｍＬ,试验组鸡ＮＤ抗体效价明显高于对照组。免疫后６０ｄ用Ｆ４８Ｅ８新城疫强毒进行攻击,试验组的保护率达到１００％,而对照组相对较低。