用竞争PCR方法定量检测猪MHC-DM mRNA

根据GenBank中猪MHC-DM基因序列,用RT-PCR技术从猪肺泡巨噬细胞中扩增和克隆了猪DM基因部分片段,经测序鉴定后,用反向PCR技术构建了其缺失竞争cDNA分子。通过竞争PCR方法,建立了猪DM标准竞争曲线,并得到其直线回归方程。本方法操作简便,特异性和敏感性高,可用于猪DM mRNA水平的定量检测。     

Ganoderic acid DM, a natural triterpenoid, induces DNA damage, G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells

Ganoderic acid DM (GADM) is a triterpenoid isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, a well-known edible medicinal mushroom. In the present study, we found that GADM effectively inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, which was much stronger than that of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. GADM both concentration- and time-dependently mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and significantly decreased the protein level of CDK2, CDK6, cycle D1, p-Rb and c-Myc in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, GADM obviously induced DNA fragmentation and cleavage of PARP which are the characteristics of apoptosis and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in MCF-7 cells. Besides, we also showed that GADM elicited DNA damage as measured by comet assay which is a sensitive method for DNA damage detection. γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, was also slightly up-regulated after treated with GADM for 6h, suggesting that the G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by GADM may be partially resulted from GADM-induced DNA damage. These results have advanced our current understandings of the anti-cancer mechanisms of GADM.     

延误休假且修理延迟的可修系统的更换策略

以TI公司生产的基于达芬奇技术的最先进的媒体处理器TMS320DM6467作为核心处理器。该设计根据TMS320DM6467内部的高清模块、VPIF接口以及McASP接口，采用HDMI发送器与接收器SiI9134与SiI9135，设计出高清晰度多媒体数字信号的输入与输出系统，实现对高清晰度多媒体数字信号的发送与接收。     

数据仓库技术在GIS决策支持中的应用

针对目前GIS现状，初步探讨了GIS数据仓库的基本概念和特征。提出了一些关于GIS数据仓库技术应用的观点和方法。并利用微软公司的新技术。详细论述了GIS数据仓库的建设过程。其中包括对原有的GIS应用和数据源数据的抽取。转换，迁移和结构的调整，数据仓库的构成；用于GIS决策支持的联机分析处理和数据挖掘。     

Comparison of in situ techniques to evaluate the recovery of indigestible components and the accuracy of digestibility estimates

Indigestible components, including indigestible dry matter (iDM) and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), play an integral role as internal markers for determining ruminal kinetics and digestibility estimations. However, the accuracy of internal markers is dependent upon the incubation technique utilized as bag type (BT) and incubation length (IL) can be significant sources of error. Previous studies have primarily focused on iDM and iNDF as digestibility markers, but few studies have compared digestibility estimates to those of acid detergent insoluble ash (ADIA). Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effect of BT (F57, F58, and Dacron) and IL (288 and 576 h) on iDM and iNDF residues, DM and NDF digestibilities, and fecal recoveries when using in situ incubations. Additionally, we evaluated the accuracy of digestibility estimates when using iDM, iNDF, and ADIA. For iDM and iNDF, feed residues demonstrated a BT × IL interaction (P < 0.01). However, fecal residues were only influenced by the main effects of BT and IL (P < 0.01), with the F58 BT and 288-h IL having the greatest residues for both iDM and iNDF. The variation in residues was greatly reduced when using iNDF compared with iDM. Fecal recovery estimates most closely approximated 100% recovery when utilizing ADIA and iDM using the F57 × 576 h incubation method (P < 0.01), although recovery was overestimated for all incubation combinations. Fecal NDF recovery estimates better represented the excretion profiles when the F57 × 576 h combination was used with iDM as the internal marker (P < 0.01). Estimates of DM and NDF digestibility were the most accurate when utilizing ADIA (P < 0.01) relative to all other treatments. Our results indicate that the proper methodological application is specific to the purpose of the inferences. When evaluating fecal recoveries and digestibility, ADIA or iDM with F57 at 576-h in situ incubation provides the greatest accuracy.     

数据挖掘在机械专业教学质量分析评价系统的应用

提出基于多维立方体的数据挖掘思想和方法以及一种定量分析和定性评价相结合的教学质量综合测评方法,在此基础上应用数据仓库和联机分析处理技术构建一种“平面”和“立体”相结合的教学质量综合测评体系,建立多维综合测评联机分析挖掘模型,实现在高校机械专业教学质量分析评价中的应用。     

基于TMS320DM642的嵌入式棉籽识别系统

随着DSP处理能力的不断增强以及图像处理算法的日益完善,开发基于机器视觉的嵌入式实时系统成为目前图像处理领域的一项重要分支.为此,介绍了基于TMS320DM642的嵌入式棉籽识别系统的硬件原理和软件结构.首先分析了DM642的结构和特点,然后阐述了系统的组成及关键技术,最后介绍了基于RF5参考架构的软件设计方案.经验证,本系统能够处理两路视频输入,实时地完成棉籽识别.     

春小麦植株干物质积累、分配和调节的研究——第1报 干物质积累、分配及其与产量的关系

春小麦植株干物质的积累动态,在不同年份、品种和栽培条件下趋势相同。积累强度以拔节至灌浆盛期为最大。这一过程出现早晚与品种主茎总叶数密切相关。干物质积累动态,全株、主茎、穗、茎秆和分蘖,均呈S型曲线,可用(?)=K/(1+ae~(bx))或(?)=K/(1+e~((?)-bx))表达。叶片、叶鞘和全叶干物质积累动态呈抛物线,符合(?)=a+bx+cx~2方程。叶干物质积累与叶面积系数和单株(或主茎)叶面积显著相关。统计分析表明,Y_B、Y_V、Y_G和HI之间存在相关,但关系复杂。     

Effect of dietary fiber on methane production in Chinese Lantang gilts

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary fiber on methane (CH₄) production in pigs using the Chinese native Lantang gilts as study model. The study consisted of two experiments. In the first, 12 Lantang gilts (58.7±0.37 kg), individually housed in open-circuit respiration chambers were randomly divided into two groups (six replicates per dietary group) and fed either with low fiber diet [LFD; neutral detergent fiber (NDF)=201.5 g/kg] or high fiber diet (HFD; NDF=329.7 g/kg). Wheat bran was the main source of fiber for the LFD while ground rice hull (mixture of rice bran and rice hull) was used in the HFD. Results of the study showed that gilts fed LFD recorded higher (P<0.05) digestibility coefficients for dry matter (DM), total organic carbon (TOC), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose than those in the HFD. However, digestibility coefficient for NDF did not differ between treatments but that for hemicellulose was higher for HDF than for LDF. Because of the higher NDF and hemicellulose contents in the diet, pigs in the HFD recorded higher (P<0.05) amount of digested NDF (126.1 vs. 83.6 g/d) and hemicellulose (38.7 vs. 11.9 g/d) than those fed LFD. The higher amount of digested NDF and hemicellulose recorded for the HFD treatment was inconsistent with the lower (P<0.01) daily CH₄ production from gilts fed the HFD compared to that fed LFD (2.46 vs. 3.90 L/pig). To better explain for the unexpected higher CH₄ production from pigs fed LFD, an in vitro fermentation study was conducted using a factorial design comprised of two inocula (collected from low fiber and high fiber diets) and eight substrates (LFD, HFD, wheat bran, ground rice hull and their respective NDF residues). Results of the in vitro trial seems to suggest that the low CH₄ production from the HFD animals was primarily the results of low fermentation rates of HFD and the ground rice hull. However, the calculated CH₄ productions based on the molar percentage of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in both, in vivo and in vitro experiments reaffirmed the in vivo result, that is, CH₄ production from pigs fed HFD was lower than that fed LFD. Although there is a lack of scientific data from this study to fully explain for the unexpected lower CH₄ production from pigs fed the HFD, our results seems to suggest that quantity of digested fiber (including NDF) was not the sole factor affecting enteric CH₄ production in pigs.     

Use of fibrolytic enzymes additives to enhance in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn silage

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of four enzyme additives on ruminal fermentation of corn silage using a 48 h batch culture in vitro assay with buffer and ruminal fluid. Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) and Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) were conducted as completely randomized designs each with two runs and four replicates. The enzyme additives (E1, E2, E3, and E4) were commercial products that provided a range in endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities. For both xylanase (birch wood and oat spelt substrate) and endoglucanase (carboxymethylcellulose substrate), the enzyme products (per ml) were ranked E4>E1>E2>E3. In Exp. 1, the four enzymes were added at 0, 2, 4, and 8 μl/g of corn silage dry matter (DM), whereas in Exp. 2 enzymes were added at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 μl/g DM. Gas production (GP) was measured at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h after incubation. Disappearance of DM (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD), and volatile fatty acid concentrations (VFA; total and individual molar proportions) were determined after 24 and 48 h. In Exp. 1, E1 and E2 had higher NDFD and ADFD at 24 and 48 h of incubation (P<0.001) compared with E3 and E4. Increasing dose rate increased NDFD and ADFD for all enzymes (except ADFD for E4 at 48 h), with the optimum dose rate dependant on the enzyme additive (dose×enzyme; P<0.01). There were some treatment effects on DMD and total GP at 24 and 48 h, but these responses were not consistent with responses in NDFD and ADFD. Experiment 2 was conducted to confirm the effects and optimum dose rate of each enzyme additive. In Exp. 2, DMD was not affected by enzyme after 24 and 48 h incubation. There were no enzyme×dose interactions for DMD, NDFD, or ADFD after 24 or 48 h of incubation (except for ADFD at 48 h). After 24 h, DMD, NDFD, and ADFD increased linearly with increasing dose (P<0.05); after 48 h DMD increased linearly, whereas NDFD increased quadratically with increasing enzyme dose (P<0.05). The ADFD increased linearly after 48 h for E3 and E4, but after 48 h ADFD increased quadratically for E1 and E2. Total GP was consistently lowest for E4 at both incubation times (P<0.05). There were no enzyme×dose interactions (P>0.05) for any of the fermentation variables at either 24 or 48 h of incubation in Exp. 2. There were differences amongst the additives for total VFA at 24 and 48 h (P≤0.05); increasing enzyme dose decreased total VFA after 24 h but increased total VFA at 48 h, such that all doses were higher than the control (P<0.001). Overall, the enzyme additives increased NDFD and ADFD of corn silage in vitro; however, E1 and E2 were more effective than E3 or E4. Responses to increasing dose of enzyme were generally linear or curvilinear, and the optimum dose rate differed amongst the products evaluated. Evaluation of the enzymes at 24 and 48 h generally led to the same ranking of the additives, and the degradation of NDF and ADF was more useful in differentiating the enzymes compared with DM and total GP.