Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss. trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length increased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.     

基于三维技术的林地“一张图”树种库管理研究

以计算机图形学技术、虚拟树种建模技术和三维GIS技术为基础,通过树种建模、树种库建设、虚拟种树和与三维平台的集成等技术流程,实现了林地"一张图"树种库的大规模三维仿真模拟可视化展现,并对未来的研究方向作了进一步展望。     

基于制动意图模糊识别的电动汽车再生制动研究

为能够最大限度地回收制动能量,增加汽车的续驶里程,达到节能减排的目的,应用模糊逻辑方法对双能量源纯电动汽车制动意图进行识别.应用Matlab/simulink建立制动意图模糊辨识器,对双能量源纯电动汽车再生割动能量回收进行初步建模,将所建模型嵌入仿真软件ADVISOR中进行仿真.仿真结果表明,通过制动意图识别,在一定程度上提高了双能量源纯电动汽车制动能量的回收,证明制动意图识别对双能量源电动汽车的制动能量回收起到积极的作用.     

Virtual trees and light capture: a method for optimizing agroforestry stand design

In agroforestry systems, the distribution of light transmitted under tree canopies can be a limiting factor for the development of intercrops. The light available for intercrops depends on the quantity of light intercepted by tree canopies and, consequently, on the architecture of the tree species present. The influence of tree architecture on light transmission was analysed using dynamic 3D architectural models. The architectural analysis of Acacia mangium and Tectona grandis was performed in Indonesian agroforestry systems with trees aged from 1 to 3 years. 3D virtual trees were then generated with the AmapSim simulation software and 3D virtual experiments in which tree age, planting density, planting pattern and pruning intensity varied were reconstructed in order to simulate light available for the crop. Canopy closure of trees was more rapid in A. mangium than in T. grandis agroforestry systems; after 3 years the quantity of light available for A. mangium intercrops was three times lower than under T. grandis. Simulations with A. mangium showed that practices such as pruning and widening tree spacing enable to increase the total transmitted light within the stand. On T. grandis, modification of the tree row azimuth resulted in changes in the spatial and seasonal distribution of light available for the intercrops. These results are discussed in terms of agroforestry system management.

林业三维虚拟场景可视化

随着计算机技术,特别是计算机图形学、网络、多媒体、三维仿真技术、虚拟现实技术的快速发展,给二维电子地图注入了新的活力,基于三维虚拟场景的三维电子地图正成为电子地图发展的一个重要方向。文章对三维数据获取和创建三维模型库等几个关键问题在林业方面的应用进行了研究。     

兰考泡桐和刺槐幼苗最适营养需要的研究

按稳态营养理论和方法,本文研究了兰考泡桐(Paulownia elongata)和刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)幼苗的最适营养需要。通过每天测定和调整培养液pH值和电导率,及时补偿消耗的营养物,幼苗体内营养状况和最大生长速率均保持稳定。兰考泡桐幼苗每天生长率高达25％以上,刺槐达15％。营养物利用率90％以上。确定兰考泡桐幼苗最适营养物比例为100N:75K:18P:7Ca:8.5Mg;刺槐为100N:60K:15P:8Ca:9Mg。本文还讨论了最适营养研究在育苗和林地施肥应用的前景。     

对转压气机三维掠动叶优化设计

为探索三维掠动叶降低对转压气机二次流损失的潜力,进一步提高对转压气机气动性能,基于近似函数与遗传算法,针对某对转压气机双排转子在整机环境下进行三维掠动叶优化设计,并对优化前后流场进行对比分析。优化成功的得到了双排“S”形掠动叶,结果表明:三维掠动叶有效改善了双排动叶吸力面径向二次流,减小了吸力面低速区,提高了对转压气机性能,优化工况点整机效率提高0.6%,全工况范围内效率均有所提高;三维掠动叶提高对转压气机效率的根本原因是其对径向负荷分配的重新调整,将叶展下方流动较差区域负荷移至叶展上方,改善流场的同时保证对转压气机负荷不变。      

宿迁市生态系统健康遥感监测研究

利用1989年和2001年2期TM卫星遥感数据及辅助数据,运用遥感和地理信息系统技术,通过植被指数、土地利用变化、景观格局变化3个方面的监测分析,研究宿迁市生态系统健康状况的变化趋势．结果表明,10年间农田减少,城乡居住地增多,植被指数略有下降,景观格局发展趋势良好,宿迁市生态系统健康有下降趋势．     

THE INFLUENCE OF TYLOSES ON THE MANUFACTURE OF MATCHES

This article deals with the results of time studies of pruning P. radiata from 22 ft. to 35 ft. with pole saws. The influence on pruning time of mean diameter and number of branches removed in the pruning operation, number of cones removed and time of day is investigated and a multiple regression equation, expressing the relationship between pruning time and these variables, is computed. A taper table is prepared and used to investigate the effect of pruning on the formation of knot-free timber. The economics of high-pruning is discussed.