短光低温不育水稻新种质的花药培养研究

对短光低温不育水稻进行花药培养的结果表明：不同基因型材料的花培力差异较大；同一材料在不同的基本培养基和激素配比中进行培养的效果不同，对宜DIS，以M8附加2,4-D(2mg/L) NAA(2mg/L) Kt(1.5mg/L)的花培力最高；不同时间段所取的材料花培力差异较大，可能与材料生长所处的最适环境不同有关；适当的通气状况有利于绿苗分化率的提高。     

用AFLP技术构建棉花雄性不育三系及其杂种F1的DNA指纹图谱

实验应用AFLP同位素标记法,获得了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系及其杂种F1的DNA指纹图谱.较为详尽地介绍了有关AFLP的技术核心及注意点,并探讨了其适用于棉花研究的方法.结果表明,AFLP是一种十分有效的DNA指纹技术,它具有多态性丰富、稳定性高、重复性好等优点.     

核不育复等位基因向娃娃菜中转育的研究

根据"复等位基因遗传假说",以甲型两用系AB12为不育源(直筒生态型),采用杂交、自交、兄妹交的方法,将核不育基因向娃娃菜可育品系06006中转育,获得了不育株率100%的新核基因雄性不育系,扩大了原有不育系的遗传基础,拓宽了该优良雄性不育基因的应用范围.     

Effect of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sorghum on host plant interaction with sorghum midge,Contarinia sorghicola

Summary Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. We studied the reaction of midge-resistant and midge-susceptible genic-cytoplasmic male-sterile (A-lines) and their maintainers (B-lines), and the effect of resistant and susceptible restorers on sorghum midge. Midge damage and adult emergence were significantly lower on the B-lines of midge-resistant genotypes (PM 7061 and PM 7068) than their corresponding A-lines, while the reverse was true for the midge-susceptible genotypes (296A and ICSA 42). Differences in midge damage and the number of midges emerged were not significant between the midge-resistant and midge-susceptible A-lines when infested without pollination (except midge emergence on PM 7061A). Pollination with a midge-resistant restorer (DJ6541) reduced midge emergence significantly in one of two seasons. Source of pollen did not influence midge emergence on the highly-resistant A-line, PM 7061A. The implications of these observations in the development of midge-resistant hybrids were discussed.     

A gamete abortion locus detected by segregation distortion of isozyme locus Est-9 in wide crosses of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary A locus for male gamete abortion in hybrids for Japonica and Indica rice was identified with the aid of marker genes Rc and Est-9 on chromosome 7. In an Indica-Japonica cross, AKAMAI 1/IR50, the Indica allele Est-9 ² was transmitted via the male gamete with a ratio of 0.29 instead of the normal 0.5, whereas no segregation distortion was observed for the Rc locus. The recombination value (p) for Est-9 and Rc was estimated to be 0.38 by a least square method after adjusting Mendelian segregation ratios with the male transmission ratios of 0.29 (Tr) for Est-9 ² and 0.71 (1-Tr) for Est-9 ¹. The recombination value (q) for the new locus for male gamete abortion, ga-11, and Est-9 was estimated to be 0.23 by using 56 F₃ lines from F₂ plants which were heterozygous for the Est-9 locus. No linkage for Rc and ga-11 was found. Therefore, the two markers and ga-11 were located in the order of ga-11-Est-9-Rc. Using the estimated recombination value (q), the male transmission rate (k) of ga-11 ^a was estimated to be 0.11 with the F₂ data and-0.07 with the F₃ line data. Thus, it was apparent that male gametes possessing ga-11 ^a were frequently aborted in the Indica-Japonica hybrid.     

Identification of a Stable Maintainer Line for 'Polima' Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed (B. napus L.)

‘Polima’ cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was transferred to three different genotypes of B. napus i.e. GSL-1, ISN706 and HNS-8 by repeated backcrossing and was found to be completely stable in the nuclear background of synthetic B. napus genotype, ISN706, derived from a cross B. campestris ssp. oleifera var. brown sarson ×B. oleracea var. botrytis cv. Tusa Katki'. The BC₅ and BC₆ generation lines of ISN706, GSL-1 and HNS-8 with ‘Polima’ CMS were grown under a range of temperature and photo-period conditions to test their stability. No breakdown in sterility was observed in ‘Polima’ ISN706 and, therefore, this genotype can be used as a maintainer for hybrid seed production.     

化学杂交剂BAU9403诱导小麦雄性不育及与小麦不同品种互作效应的研究

以18个小麦品种和化学杂交剂BAU9403的不同剂量为处理，研究了BAU9403的杀雄效果及其不同基因型小麦对BAU9403反应的遗传差异。结果表明，适宜的BAU9403喷施剂量与时期，供试品种均能诱导大于95％的雄性不育率；对大多数品种而言，适宜的时期范围为雌雄蕊原基分化期，适宜的剂量范围为0.75-1.0kg/hm^2，以1.0kg/hm^2效果为好。BAU9403对不同基因型小麦品种之间存在着互作效应。     

法治与德治的时代底蕴与逻辑基础

法治与德治的紧密结合，不仅是治国方略的进一步成熟，而且也是中国共产党在执政方式上的历史选择。在社会主义建设的新时期，法治与德治的内涵带有鲜明的时代特征。虽说法治与德治是两种不同的治理方式，但二者应该存在着相互契合的时代底蕴，而且它们都遵循着共同的逻辑基础。     

mRNA差异显示法分离与水稻籼粳亚种间杂交稻低温敏感不育性相关的cDNA片段

采用mRNA差异显示法对籼粳亚种间杂交稻亚优2号幼穗发育基因在两种不同温度条件下的表达差异进行了研究。结果发现,对照(正常温度28～30℃)和低温处理(白天24℃、夜晚20℃)的幼穗发育基因在转录水平上存在差异。从获得的35条差异片段中随机选取6条进行克隆测序,结果发现其中有1条片段长为556bp,暂命名为DF9,该片段与水稻第一染色体上一段cDNA序列有99%的同源性;其他5条片段与水稻的EST存在一定的同源性。进一步研究发现,DF9可能编码的产物与一些参与信号传导或能量代谢过程的酶存在不同程度的相似性。推测其与水稻籼粳亚种间杂种低温敏感不育性有关。     

关于植物各种光温反应现象的统一模型

本文提出了一个统一的植物光温反应理论模型。它把植物的各种光温反应现象,包括短日植物的光温反应与长日植物的光温反应,定性的光温反应与定量的光温反应,光周期反应与温度反应,以及温度反应中的低温反应(包括春化反应)与积温反应等统一了起来。应用这一模型可对小麦生长发育中常见的各种光温反应现象和水稻光敏不育系的低温可育现象作出统一的解释。