粗糙集聚类分析对姜黄属植物数值分类的研究Ⅰ

以姜科姜黄属（Curcuma L.）的31种植物为研究对象,把47项分类性状（指标）分解为定性指标和定量指标,将定性指标进一步分解为二元性状指标和三元性状指标,然后各自进行粗糙集理论的处理和聚类,把聚类结果按交集分类的办法形成定性指标综合分类的．结果,分出8大类,并与肖小河等用47项指标进行主成分析和聚类分析的结果加以比较。结果表明：把分类性状（指标）分解是合理的、正确的,所分出的结果较为精确,与实际更为相符;粗糙集理论与聚类分析相结合是非常有意义的。     

郁金类药材贮藏技术研究

结合传统贮藏经验与现代贮藏新技术,从4个方面探讨温郁金类药材的贮藏方法,包括块根类药材、含挥发油类药材、姜黄属药材及贮藏过程中成分变化或产生新成分药材,类比这3种具有相同性质药材的贮藏方法,以期为温郁金科学合理贮藏提供参考,减少因贮藏不当带来的损失。     

Effect of nitrogen supply on nitrogen and carbohydrate constituent accumulation in rhizomes and storage roots of Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.

Abstract

Curcuma (Curcuma alismatifolia cv. Gagnep.), a tropical flowering plant known as “Siam tulip”, were cultivated in a pot with vermiculite and supplied with different levels of nitrogen (N). Rhizomes with storage roots were harvested at 215 days after planting. Results indicated that a high level of N supply increased flower numbers and promoted continuous new rhizome formation, but storage root growth was depressed. The N supply to the plants increased the N concentrations both in the rhizomes and in the storage roots. The predominant nitrogenous compounds related to total N increase were proteins in the rhizomes. The N of the insoluble fraction of 80% ethanol or the N of the soluble fraction of 10% trichloroacetic acid was the predominant fraction of N that accumulated in the storage roots. A lack of N supply increased the starch concentration both in the rhizomes and in the storage roots. These results suggested that a high level of N supply to the curcuma plant increased new rhizome formation because of increased flower numbers, but depressed new storage root formation because of reduced starch accumulation.     

温郁金愈伤组织培养及快速繁殖

为了提纯复壮温郁金资源,快速繁殖良种苗木,满足市场供不应求的现状,对温郁金外植体培养及愈伤组织的诱导、继代、分化和再生进行研究.结果表明:莪术外植体在以MS培养基为基本培养基,附加6-BA 3.0 mg/L IAA 1.0 mg/L适于丛生芽的诱导与增殖;附加2,4-D 2.0 mg/L KT 5.0 mg/L适于愈伤组织的诱导;附加2,4-D 1.0 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L适于愈伤组织的继代培养;附加KT 5.0 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L适于愈伤组织的分化,生根的最佳培养基为MS IAA 1.0 mg/L.因此,可以通过组织培养的方式提纯复壮温郁金资源,进行温郁金的快速繁殖.     

An overview of some tillage impacts on earthworm population abundance and diversity — implications for functioning in soils

Conflicting reports in the literature on the effects of tillage on earthworms are reviewed in the light of their roles in agro-ecosystem functioning. Tillage can change the abundance (by 2–9 times) as well as the composition (diversity) of earthworm populations. The actual impact is dependent on soil factors, climatic conditions and the tillage operations but hitherto this information was seldom provided in research reports. The declines in earthworm population often reported in conventionally tilled soils are associated with undesirable changes in the soil environmental conditions resulting from excessive tillage. Different species of earthworm respond differently to tillage. While the abundance of the deep burrowing species (anecic) tends to decline under tillage, particularly under deep ploughing, endogeic species can actually increase in number especially when there is increased food supply. Under conservation tillage systems, earthworms can potentially play a more important role than under conventional tillage in the functioning of the farming systems because of their abilities to modify the soil physical environment and nutrient cycling. However, adoption of conservation tillage does not automatically result in an optimal earthworm population in terms of abundance and diversity. There are opportunities to introduce more beneficial species to improve the ecological performance of agro-ecosystems. More research is needed to fully understand the ecology of different earthworm species, their interactions and their potential roles in promoting more sustainable farming systems.     

姜黄资源概况及其开发利用

主要概述了姜黄属植物的形态学特征、生物学特性、资源分布、主要化学成分和姜黄在医药、食品和轻工业领域的用途,提出了贵州发展姜黄的前景。     

鲜姜黄不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除作用

采用甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯4种有机溶剂冷浸提取,分别得到了甲醇提取物(ME)、乙醇提取物(EE)、丙酮提取物(AE)和乙酸乙酯提取物(EAE)。然后采用二苯代苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH)法对不同质量浓度的各提取物进行了自由基清除实验。结果表明,4种溶剂提取得到的姜黄提取物对DPPH自由基均有一定的清除作用,不同溶剂所得提取物对自由基的清除作用有差别,其中以丙酮提取物的效果最佳。鲜姜黄可作为抗氧化物质资源加以开发利用。     

8种生物农药对温郁金弯孢霉叶枯病病原菌的室内毒力测定

为了筛选出有效防治温郁金弯孢霉叶枯病的药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定8 种生物农药对温郁金弯孢霉叶枯病病原菌(Curvularia clavata)的抑菌效果。8 种生物农药对温郁金叶枯病病原菌抑菌效果好的为0.5%氨基寡糖素AS、3%中生菌WP、荧光假单胞杆菌WP和枯草芽孢杆菌WP。毒力最强为荧光假单胞杆菌WP,EC50值为0.93 mg/L;其次为哈茨木霉菌WP、枯草芽孢杆菌WP、0.5%氨基寡糖素AS和3%中生菌素WP,EC50分别为1.30、3.27、6.14、8.42 mg/L。荧光假单胞杆菌、0.5%氨基寡糖素AS、枯草芽孢杆菌和3%中生菌素WP均可有效抑制温郁金叶枯病病原菌的生长,可进一步用于田间试验。     

温莪术挥发性成分的闪蒸-气相色谱-质谱法测定研究

采用闪蒸-气相色谱-质谱法(FE-GC-MS)对温莪术挥发性化合物进行了分析研究,并对主要影响因素如闪蒸温度、样品量和样品粒度等进行优化。结果显示,0.4 mg的粉末样品,在200℃下闪蒸,经色谱分离后得到60余种成分。对FE-GC-MS、水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)-GC-MS和固相微萃取(SPME)-GC-MS这3种方法进行比较,利用质谱解析结合保留指数鉴定出的化合物数量分别为40、38和36种。由FE-GC-MS得到的莪术油主要活性成分如莪术烯、莪术醇、β-榄香烯酮、吉马酮和莪术二酮的含量与SD、SPME法所得结果相近。结果表明,闪蒸法样品用量少而得到的挥发性成分较多,且无需任何前处理。     

温度和光周期对姜荷花生长的影响

为给姜荷花的标准化栽培生产提供一定的参考,以盆栽姜荷花为试验材料,采用不同温度、光周期对姜荷花进行研究。结果表明,25℃是姜荷花生长较适温度,高温对其萌发有一定的促进作用,过高或过低的温度都会导致其不开花;不同温度影响下,姜荷花萌发率、分蘖数及开花数具有一定的相关性,对姜荷花pH、EC的影响较小。光照时长延长至14~16 h时,可打破姜荷花休眠,实现周年生产;姜荷花分蘖数随光照时长的增加而显著提升,对开花时间、开花数未见显著影响;姜荷花各指标之间未呈现显著相关性,对姜荷花pH、EC有一定影响。