莪术CPD染色和45S rDNA荧光原位杂交核型分析

为了对莪术[Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe]的染色体进行识别并对该物种基因组的结构及进化进行初步研究,利用改进的火焰干燥法及荧光原位杂交技术,对莪术中期染色体的长度,着丝粒的位置及随体的数目进行分析。PI和DAPI组合（CPD）染色后和相继的45S rDNA探针荧光原位杂交结果显示,莪术具有五对45S rDNA位点,三对位于8,22,31号染色体末端的CPD带区,二对位于4,30号染色体的短臂上。第五号短臂为富含GC对的非45S rDNA位点。该实验建立了莪术的经典核型,为非整倍体,核型公式为2n＝62+1=40m+12sm+1m,其核型不对称性为2A型。     

桂郁金种质资源姜黄素类化学成分分析

[目的 ]探索桂郁金种质资源姜黄素类化学成分分析方法。 [方法 ]:HPLC法被用以检测桂郁金姜黄素类成分,选用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-冰醋酸水溶液,采用梯度洗脱,以420 nm作为检测波长,以30℃作为柱温;流速1 mL·min^-1。 [结果 ]桂郁金种质资源姜黄素类化学成分在测定范围内线性关系良好;符合要求的试验包括精密度、稳定性、重复性、加样回收试验。桂郁金姜黄素类化学成分的种类和含量由于种质不同而存在明显差异。 [结论 ]该方法操作简单,适用于桂郁金种资源姜黄素类化学成分分析, 其中桂郁金种质B71、C16在姜黄素类成分含量方面表现突出,为桂郁金优良种质。     

饲用植物姜黄粗提物HPLC特征图谱的建立

研究建立饲用植物姜黄粗提物的高效液相色谱(HPLC)特征图谱.采用Sunfire C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm,Waters)色谱柱,以乙腈和0.1％甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min、柱温35℃、检测波长254 nm、进样量10 μL.成功建立30批姜黄粗提物的HPLC特征图谱,确...     

姜荷花切花保鲜技术研究

利用正交设计法探讨了漂白粉、硫酸铝、蔗糖8、-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)、柠檬酸5种不同因素对姜荷花切花保鲜效果的影响,结果表明:蔗糖是影响姜荷花切花寿命的主要因素,其次是8-HQ、硫酸铝、漂白粉、柠檬酸,而延长姜荷花切花瓶插寿命的最优保鲜剂配方为50 mg/L漂白粉+300 mg/L硫酸铝+2%蔗糖+100 mg/L 8-HQ。     

姜黄新品种‘红玉姜黄’

‘红玉姜黄’是以春秋姜黄(Curcuma attenuata Wall. ex Baker)为母本,女王郁金(C. petiolata Roxb.)为父本,采用人工授粉杂交培育而成的新品种。植株生长势强,开花率高,花色艳丽,花期较长,具有较强的适应性,适宜广州及周边地区种植。     

粪箕笃的显微鉴别

[目的]对粪箕笃进行显微鉴别研究。[方法]对粪箕笃的根、茎、叶横切面及粉末进行显微结构观察。[结果]根韧皮部外方有纤维群,导管旁围绕纤维;茎表皮外方有石细胞环,维管束外方具有凹凸相间的纤维环;叶下表皮可见许多具乳突的细胞;粉末中可见淀粉粒、石细胞及具乳突的叶表皮细胞。[结论]该研究对粪箕笃进行了显微鉴别,为粪箕笃的真伪鉴别及制定质量标准提供参考依据。     

烯效唑对姜荷花的矮化效果及组织解剖研究

为改变姜荷花主要切花品种清迈粉存在的花茎细长、易倒伏等缺点,使之适合盆栽化需求,并对其矮化过程中的组织结构进行解剖分析。以烯效唑处理姜荷花植株后,株高、花茎长明显变短,而茎粗以及花茎粗仅有轻微的增加,效果并不显著;此外,150 mg·L-1烯效唑处理对分蘖数有明显的增加作用。对其进行组织解剖分析可知,花茎的变短变粗与花茎细胞纵向长度变短、横向长度变大有关,对叶片表皮细胞分析可知,烯效唑处理可以使得姜荷花叶片的上下表皮细胞都变小,而气孔数增多,同时上表皮的气孔变小,而下表皮气孔变大。     

川产莪术植株产量与品质特性的调查研究

[目的]调查川产莪术植株各部位生物学产量,初步研究其资源品质特性,为茎叶资源的开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]在主产区随机采集川产莪术代表性植株,以植株不同部位为试验研究材料,应用《中华人民共和国药典》及文献中的品质检测方法,调研川产莪术植株产量并检测品质特性。[结果]植株每窝二母姜（莪术）干品平均产量为224.44g,其中茎叶光合产物、脂溶性组分、蛋白质积累量分别占植株资源总量的40.61%4、2.05%、38.06%,以叶片的脂溶性组分含量（2.897%）最高;川产莪术植株的灰分含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》（2010版,二部）莪术、郁金要求。[结论]川产莪术植株茎叶为可利用的优良资源,建议在主产区川产莪术植株枯萎前采收,对茎叶加以回收利用,以提高川产莪术植株的产油率或用作饲料。     

Correlating karyomorphology and molecular marker analyses in turmeric: a case study

India is the largest producer and exporter of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and different cultivars of this crop are traditionally characterized using agronomic traits, such as rhizome weight, yield potential, color and aroma of rhizome, curcumin content, and stability of curcumin content, which are influenced by environmental factors. The purpose of the present study was to probe whether karyomorphological and molecular marker attributes of turmeric cultivars could be correlated to validate their distinctiveness. Detailed karyomorphological analyses revealed uniform somatic chromosome number (2n = 63), with symmetric karyotype in all the studied cultivars. Chromosomes varied from 0.67 to 2.03 µm in length, with up to 72% bearing primary constrictions in the nearly median region (i-value ranging from 27.17 to 50). Asymmetry indices also indicated overall karyotypic symmetry among cultivars. On the contrary, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analyses revealed significant variability in the genetic constitution among them; Jaccard’s similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.569 to 0.969. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis based on the Jaccard’s coefficient produced four distinct clusters, which showed no geographical bias. Thus, it was concluded that although significant genetic variability that exists among the turmeric cultivars can be utilized for examining their authenticity, practicality of the use of karyomorphological characters for identification is significantly limited by the gross karyotypic similarity. Cryptic genetic changes accumulate in the genome of these plants because of their interaction with the environment. However, these remain confined within each cultivar in the absence of large-scale hybridizations and predominant vegetative propagation. This probably leads to variability in agronomic characters and may even help in developing novel characters in different cultivars. However, detection of any such change in the chromosomal structure would require fluorescent hybridization techniques.